Anaplastic multiple myeloma: possible limitations of conventional chemotherapy for long-term remission

CD38 – Negative Anaplastic Plasma Cell Myeloma: A Rare Case Report

“…In addition, the association between anaplastic myeloma and negative CD38 has previously been reported in some cases in India and Arabia [ 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, Ichikawa has recorded a case of anaplastic plasma cells with CD38-dim and CD138-negative [ 2 ]. Loss of expression of target molecules on tumor cells is an important resistance mechanism to antibody-based therapies.…”

“…Anaplastic plasma cell myeloma is a rare, refractory subtype of multiple myeloma and has a poor prognosis. However, abnormal morphology and asynchronous immunophenotypic expression of plasma cells can be seen in newly diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma and often cause the inaccuracy of initial diagnosis [ 2 ].…”

Poor response to daratumumab and carfilzomib in newly diagnosed anaplastic multiple myeloma

“…AMM is recently often diagnosed at the initial presentation by anaplastic morphology, unfavorable cytogenetics, and an aggressive clinical course with a high incidence of increased serum LDH levels and refractoriness to conventional chemotherapies in case series. Large-sized plasmablastic cells with pleomorphic nuclei, such as multilobation or multinucleation, were diagnostic morphologies, [3][4][5][6][7][8] and cytogenetic abnormalities of del(17p), t(4; 14) and 1q21 gain were detected with high frequencies in AMM. 9 The present patient exhibited positive FISH for del(17p), but additional analyses of cytogenetic abnormalities, such as FISH for 1q21 gain and MAFB translocation, SKY, or RT-PCR, were unable to be performed.…”

“…Ichikawa et al reported that use of the EPOCH regimen (etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone, and cyclophosphamide) following high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation resulted in short-term remission. 7 However, the outcomes of AMM treated by the novel agents have remained incompletely understood. Ammannagari et al reported two cases of AMM treated by iPAD (bortezomib, liposomal doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) and RVD (lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone), and they were insufficient against fulminant disease progression.…”

Clinical and histopathological analyses of anaplastic myeloma

“…It is reported to be very resistant to chemotherapy and exhibits a poor prognosis. [ 1 ] Although AM was detected in 2.6% of patients in a large series of cases, [ 2 ] there have only been some case reports since AM was first reported in 1983. [ 3 ] Therefore, AM lacks detailed descriptions and strict definitions.…”