Anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in sympatric red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep in southern Norway

Stuen, Snorre; Pettersen, Kristin Sæbø; Granquist, Erik Georg; Bergström, Karin; Bown, Kevin; Birtles, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.11.014

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Red deer has been reported as hosts for 16S rDNA variants of A. phagocytophilum, known to cause TBF in sheep [76]. This might provide an explanation as to why red deer, and not roe deer, were significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and environmental change drives Ixodes ricinus geographical expansion at the northern range margin

Jore

Vanwambeke

Viljugrein

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

118

106

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BackgroundGlobal environmental change is causing spatial and temporal shifts in the distribution of species and the associated diseases of humans, domesticated animals and wildlife. In the on-going debate on the influence of climate change on vectors and vector-borne diseases, there is a lack of a comprehensive interdisciplinary multi-factorial approach utilizing high quality spatial and temporal data.MethodsWe explored biotic and abiotic factors associated with the latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of Ixodes ricinus observed during the last three decades in Norway using antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep as indicators for tick presence. Samples obtained from 2963 sheep from 90 farms in 3 ecologically different districts during 1978 – 2008 were analysed. We modelled the presence of antibodies against A. phagocytophilum to climatic-, environmental and demographic variables, and abundance of wild cervids and domestic animals, using mixed effect logistic regressions.ResultsSignificant predictors were large diurnal fluctuations in ground surface temperature, spring precipitation, duration of snow cover, abundance of red deer and farm animals and bush encroachment/ecotones. The length of the growth season, mean temperature and the abundance of roe deer were not significant in the model.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need to consider climatic variables year-round to disentangle important seasonal variation, climatic threshold changes, climate variability and to consider the broader environmental change, including abiotic and biotic factors. The results offer novel insight in how tick and tick-borne disease distribution might be modified by future climate and environmental change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and environmental change drives Ixodes ricinus geographical expansion at the northern range margin

Jore

Vanwambeke

Viljugrein

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

118

106

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“…Several wild animal species, particularly red and roe deer, have been suspected to play this role. In particular, several studies suggested that red deer are reservoir hosts for A. phagocytophilum transmission to sheep [17, 18]. In this work, our objective was to study the presence and the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in wild animals, in order to explore the role of these animals in A. phagocytophilum epidemiological cycles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis potentially reveals the existence of two groups of Anaplasma phagocytophilum circulating in cattle in France with different wild reservoirs

Dugat

Zanella

Véran³

et al. 2016

Parasites Vectors

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Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever, a disease with high economic impact for domestic ruminants in Europe. Epidemiological cycles of this species are complex, and involve different ecotypes circulating in various host species. To date, these epidemiological cycles are poorly understood, especially in Europe, as European reservoir hosts (i.e. vertebrate hosts enabling long-term maintenance of the bacterium in the ecosystem), of the bacterium have not yet been clearly identified. In this study, our objective was to explore the presence, the prevalence, and the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in wild animals, in order to better understand their implications as reservoir hosts of this pathogen.MethodsThe spleens of 101 wild animals were collected from central France and tested for the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA by msp2 qPCR. Positive samples were then typed by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), and compared to 179 previously typed A. phagocytophilum samples.Results Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 82/101 (81.2%) animals including 48/49 red deer (98%), 20/21 roe deer (95.2%), 13/29 wild boars (44.8%), and 1/1 red fox. MLVA enabled the discrimination of two A. phagocytophilum groups: group A contained the majority of A. phagocytophilum from red deer and two thirds of those from cattle, while group B included a human strain and variants from diverse animal species, i.e. sheep, dogs, a horse, the majority of variants from roe deer, and the remaining variants from cattle and red deer.ConclusionsOur results suggest that red deer and roe deer are promising A. phagocytophilum reservoir host candidates. Moreover, we also showed that A. phagocytophilum potentially circulates in at least two epidemiological cycles in French cattle. The first cycle may involve red deer as reservoir hosts and cattle as accidental hosts for Group A strains, whereas the second cycle could involve roe deer as reservoir hosts and at least domestic ruminants, dogs, horses, and humans as accidental hosts for Group B strains.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1888-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) in the Czech Republic reportedly carry two different 16S rRNA variants of A. phagocytophilum [15]. However, sequences of other less conserved genes such as msp4 , groESL or ank a from different A. phagocytophilum isolates revealed substantial variability [16–19]. For instance, up to 11 different variants of A. phagocytophilum based on the groESL gene sequences were detected in roe deer, red deer, alpine chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ), Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ), and European mouflon ( Ovis musimon ) in Austria [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variation inAnaplasma phagocytophiluminfection in Swedish moose (Alces alces)

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYThe occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was investigated in spleen and serum samples from Swedish moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden (island and mainland). Samples were analysed for presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA by real-time PCR (n = 263), and for Anaplasma antibodies with ELISA serology (n = 234). All serum samples had antibodies against A. phagocytophilum. The mean DNA-based prevalence was 26·3%, and significant (P < 0·01) temporal, and spatial variation was found. Island moose had significantly (P < 0·001) higher prevalence of A. phagocytophilum DNA than moose from the mainland areas. Two samples were sequenced to determine genetic variation in the 16S rRNA and groESL genes. Genetic sequence similarity with the human granulocytic anaplasmosis agent, equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent, and different wildlife-associated A. phagocytophilum variants were observed in the 16S rRNA and groESL genes. Our study shows that moose are exposed to A. phagocytophilum in Sweden, and represent a potential wildlife reservoir of the pathogen.

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in sympatric red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sheep in southern Norway

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Climate and environmental change drives Ixodes ricinus geographical expansion at the northern range margin

Climate and environmental change drives Ixodes ricinus geographical expansion at the northern range margin

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis potentially reveals the existence of two groups of Anaplasma phagocytophilum circulating in cattle in France with different wild reservoirs

Temporal and spatial variation inAnaplasma phagocytophiluminfection in Swedish moose (Alces alces)

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