Anaplasma marginale inactivated vaccine: dose titration against a homologous challenge

Rodríguez, Sergio D.; Ortíz, María Esther; Salgado, Georgina Hernández; Cerda, N.A Santos; Torres, Roberto Augusto de Almeida; Alarcón, Germinal Jorge Cantó

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(99)00076-4

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several strains of A. marginale have been identified from various geographical areas. They differ in morphology, protein sequence, antigenic characteristics and their ability to be transmitted by ticks (Smith et al., 1986; Wickwire et al., 1987; Allred et al., 1990; Rodriguez et al., 2000; de la Fuente et al., 2001c,d, 2003c; Palmer et al., 2001).…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis

Aubry

Geale

2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

309

216

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Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. It is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. Transplacental transmission of A. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. Bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Cattle of all ages are susceptible to infection with A. marginale, but the severity of disease increases with age. Once cattle of any age become infected with A. marginale, they remain persistently infected carriers for life. Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis can be made by demonstration of A. marginale on stained blood smears from clinically infected animals during the acute phase of the disease, but it is not reliable for detecting infection in pre-symptomatic or carrier animals. In these instances, the infection is generally diagnosed by serologic demonstration of antibodies with confirmation by molecular detection methods. The susceptibility of wild ruminants to infection by A. marginale and the role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis are incompletely known owing to lack of published research, lack of validation of diagnostic tests for these species and cross-reaction of Anaplasma spp. antibodies in serologic tests. Control measures for bovine anaplasmosis vary with geographical location and include maintenance of Anaplasma-free herds, vector control, administration of antibiotics and vaccination.

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Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis

Aubry

Geale

2010

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

309

216

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“…Several geographic isolates of A. marginale have been identified in North America, which differ in morphology, protein sequence, antigenic characteristics and their ability to be transmitted by ticks (Smith et al, 1986;Wickwire et al, 1987;Allred et al, 1990;García Ortiz et al, 1998, 2000Rodriguez et al, 2000;de la Fuente et al, 2001b;Palmer et al, 2001). Phylogenetic analysis using the msp1␣ and msp4 genes of A. marginale strongly supports the existence of a southeastern clade of A. marginale in the USA, comprising Virginia and Florida isolates (de la Fuente et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogenAnaplasma marginale

Fuente

García-García

Blouin

et al. 2001

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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The major surface protein (MSP) 1a of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale, encoded by the single-copy gene msp1α, has been shown to have a neutralization-sensitive epitope and to be an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells. msp1α has been found to be a stable genetic marker for the identification of geographic isolates of A. marginale throughout development in acutely and persistently infected cattle and in ticks. The molecular weight of MSP1a varies among geographic isolates of A. marginale because of a varying number of tandemly repeated peptides of 28–29 amino acids. Variation in the sequence of the tandem repeats occurs within and among isolates, and may have resulted from evolutionary pressures exerted by ligand–receptor and host–parasite interactions. These repeated sequences include markers for tick transmissibility that may be important in the identification of ehrlichial pathogens because they may influence control strategies and the design of subunit vaccines.

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“…Several geographic isolates of A. marginale have been identified in North and South America, which differ in morphology, protein sequence, antigenic characteristics and their ability to be transmitted by ticks (Smith et al 1986 ;Wickwire et al 1987 ;Allred et al 1990 ;Rodriguez et al 2000 ;de la Fuente et al a, c, 2003Palmer, Rurangirwa & McElwain, 2001). marginale is distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasma marginale(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host–pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia

et al. 2004

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The tick-borne intracellular pathogen Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) develops persistent infections in cattle and tick hosts. While erythrocytes appear to be the only site of infection in cattle, A. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks and transmission occurs via salivary glands during feeding. Many geographic isolates occur that vary in genotype, antigenic composition, morphology and infectivity for ticks. In this chapter we review recent research on the host-vector-pathogen interactions of A. marginale. Major surface proteins (MSPs) play a crucial role in the interaction of A. marginale with host cells. The MSP1a protein, which is an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, is differentially regulated and affects infection and transmission of A. marginale by Dermacentor spp. ticks. MSP2 undergoes antigenic variation and selection in cattle and ticks, and contributes to the maintenance of persistent infections. Phylogenetic studies of A. marginale geographic isolates using msp4 and msp1alpha provide information about the biogeography and evolution of A. marginale: msp1alpha genotypes evolve under positive selection pressure. Isolates of A. marginale are maintained by independent transmission events and a mechanism of infection exclusion in cattle and ticks allows for only the infection of one isolate per animal. Prospects for development of control strategies by use of pathogen and tick-derived antigens are discussed. The A. marginale/vector/host studies described herein could serve as a model for research on other tick-borne rickettsiae.

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Anaplasma marginale inactivated vaccine: dose titration against a homologous challenge

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis

A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis

Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogenAnaplasma marginale

Anaplasma marginale(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host–pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia

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