Anaphylactic shock in monkeys passively sensitized with human reaginic serum

Abstract

Seven monkeys were passively sensitized intravenously (i.v.) with human serum containing IgE antibodies specific to dog albumin. I.v. administration of the antigen resulted in an immediate increase in pulmonary resistance (Rpulm) with a concomitant decrease in pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Initially these changes in the respiratory system resulted in pronounced effects on venous admixture, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial pH. After 30 min, as Rpulm and Cdyn returned towards control levels, the blood gas changes were mainly due to low cardiac output. There was a transient increase in hematocrit, a decrease in plasma fibrinogen and a transient reduction in the number of circulating leukocytes. The anaphylactic reaction resulted in a 10- to 30-fold increase in plasma adrenaline with time and in a substantial but less marked increase in plasma noradrenaline and dopamine. Probably as a consequence of the increase in plasma catecholamine, there was a rise in plasma cyclic AMP, glucose and glycerol. No increase in plasma histamine levels was found. In two animals sensitized with purified IgE a reaction which was less severe but had the same general pattern was observed. The findings show that IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in the monkey results in a bronchoconstriction leading to a profound respiratory disturbance characterized by decreased SaO2 due to increased venous admixture. After 30 min these variables were normalized and the shock state was dominated by poor tissue perfusion due to a low cardiac output.

Cyclic 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate in Umbilical Cord Blood of the Newborn Infant: Relation to Fetal Stress and Plasma Catecholamines

“…In complicated deliveries particularly when asphyxia was encountered still higher cyclic AMP levels were found, in agreement with previous reports [12,14].…”

“…7], The effect appears to be due to interaction with [T-adrenoceptors and is imitated by syn thetic selective [T-adrenoceptor agonists [4], It is also known that plasma cyclic AMP lev els are elevated in several conditions which are characterized by high levels of circulating adrenaline, such as surgical trauma [10], hemorrhagic shock [3,9], hypoglycemia [6] and anaphylactic shock [5,12], It has been shown earlier that parturition is associated with increased levels of cyclic AMP in umbilical cord blood [13,14], In the present study we present evidence that the level of cyclic AMP in umbilical cord plasma is related to the degree of stress and to the concentration of catecholamines.…”

Formation, Clearance, Deposition, Pathogenicity, and Identification of Biopharmaceutical-related Immune Complexes

“…Examples include allergic asthma and food allergies. Type I HSRs have been described for monkeys exposed to human serum containing reaginic IgEs (Revenas et al 1981) or to a rh Fcγ-Fc∊ fusion protein (Van Scott et al 2008) and for patients retreated with the chimeric anti-interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor mAb basiliximab (Baudouin et al 2003) or the chimeric anti-TNFα mAb infliximab (Vultaggio et al 2010). Type Ia: Type 1 HSRs can be amplified by platelet-activating factor, release of other vasoactive amines (e.g., eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis), leukotrienes, and prostaglandins with attraction of neutrophils and eosinophils. Type 2 HSRs are cytotoxic HSRs characterized by IgG (usually IgG1 or IgG3 in humans [not defined in monkeys]) and/or IgM recognition of cell surface–bound or matrix-associated antigens (proteins), complement activation and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and natural killer (NK) cell activation and antibody-dependent cell - mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); examples include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pemphigus. Type 3 HSRs are IC-mediated, anaphylactoid reactions characterized by IgG/IgM recognition of soluble antigens (proteins) and complement activation; examples include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness.…”

Life‐threatening pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure complicating calcium and phosphate replacement in the intensive care unit

“…This involves processes in common with both pulmonary emboli and classical anaphylaxis. Aggregate anaphylaxis has been described in animal models, where it is produced by an intravenous challenge with foreign serum or ovalbumin [10]. In monkeys it characteristically causes pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure and death.…”