Anaphoric Dependencies in Vietnamese

Abstract

sister who never let me wait too long for her messages and who comforted me every time I was down. I would like to mention Dien Nguyen. Thanks for many deep and long conversations with you.Your carefree personality has influenced me and your successful career as a female physicist in the USA has had a great impact on me. Again, thank you for being such a good friend of mine. Thanks also go to Minh Hoang Duong. Minh Hoang, thank you for your warm company and for always bringing out the best in me. Last but not least, I would like to send many thanks to Thanh Tinh Thi Le and Mau Tue Nguyen for the unforgettable moments we had in Delft. Thanks for picking me up in Delft, treating me to a delicious meal, showing me around and taking many beautiful pictures of us. Talking with you two is always interesting and relaxing. Anaphoric dependencies in Vietnamse x "Trước khi đi, nó còn cho tôi ba đồng bạc, Before go, 3sg even give 1sg three dong silver, ông giáo ạ! stat.male teacher.add HONOR 'Before leaving, he even gave me three humble dongs, dear Teacher!' … Nó đưa tôi ba đồng mà bảo: "Con biếu 3sg hand 1sg three dong that say: "child.kin.sp give thầy ba đồng để thỉnh thoảng thầy ăn father.kin.add three dong so that sometimes father.kin.add eat quà;…" snack 'He handed me three humble dongs saying: "I gave you three dongs so that sometimes you would have a snack.' (From the story "Lão Hạc" -The Old Hac written by Nam Cao, 1943) This excerpt is picked out from a short story titled Lão Hạc 'The old Hac" written by the Vietnamese writer Nam Cao. As we can see in the text, Vietnamese not only uses a system of personal pronouns in constituting the dialogue such as nó 'he/she' referring to the third participant and tôi 'I' the speaker/author, but also status terms such as ông giáo 'male teacher'. So, unlike English, Vietnamese regularly presents a wider range of expressions for discourse participants, using kinship terms such as con 'child' and thầy 'father' (Northern dialect),for what in English would be pronouns. These nominal expressions are linked to their corresponding referents in the previous discourse,The contrast in grammaticality of ( 1a) and (1b) in English shows that here the anaphor himself can only have an antecedent within its own clause, whereas a relation with the matrix subject John is ruled out. Unlike English himself, the anaphor mình in Vietnamese can be referentially dependent on the matrix subject Nam but not on the local subject Lan as in (2a).However, the anaphor mình can take the local subject Lan as its antecedent in (2b) when combined with the element tự 'self'. This is different from English in that reflexives such as himself/herself are standardly subject to locality conditions without a necessary recourse to other means of expression. Note furthermore that neither English himself nor Vietnamese mình allows discourse binding as in (3):(3) a. *Johni left. The queen had not invited himselfi.b. Johni bỏ đi. Nữ hoàng đã không mời mình*i. John leave. Queen PST NEG invite bodyBut, importantly, one aspect ...

Research on Reform Vietnamese Traditional Clothing for High Schoolgirls Uniform

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