Analyzing the Role of Identity Elements and Features of Housing in Historical and Modern Architecture in Shaping Architectural Identity: The Case of Herat City

Abstract

Herat has a long and rich history of architecture and culture that has been shaped by many different historical and imperial periods. Since 2002, the city’s urban landscape has changed significantly due to a rapid rise in the city’s population and modern building processes. This has had a significant impact on the historical image and identity of Herat, as modern architecture has introduced identities that are not in harmony with the city’s environment, climate, and culture. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of architectural identity characteristics to explore the role of traditional and modern architectural elements in forming Herat’s architectural identity. This research is based on primary and secondary sources including literature reviews, historical documents, case studies, and interviews with local architects and residents. The results indicate that Herat’s architectural identity is shaped by a multitude of factors, including its historical and cultural importance, the utilization of construction materials, the surrounding environmental conditions, architectural guidelines and expertise, political dynamics, and the preferences of both the architect and client. This study provides vital insights for architects, policy makers, and government agencies seeking to promote sustainable and culturally sensitive development in Herat’s dynamic architectural landscapes.

The Impact of Urbanization on the Erosion of Identity of Historic Buildings: The Case of Kalan Masjid, Old Delhi, India

“…This phenomenon inherently alters the physical, social, and economic landscapes of urban spaces, leading to significant changes in the built environment and the identity associated with historic structures. Historic buildings, representing the tangible remnants of a society's past, possess a distinct cultural, architectural, and historical identity (Alavi & Tanaka 2023). Urbanization often exerts pressures on these structures, potentially eroding their identity through alterations, encroachments, and incompatible modern developments (Surya et al, 2005).…”