Analyzing the nexus between environmental sustainability and clean energy for the USA

Abstract

Environmental sustainability is a key target to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, achieving these targets needs tools to pave the way for achieving SDGs and COP28 targets. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study is to examine the significance of clean energy, research and development spending, technological innovation, income, and human capital in achieving environmental sustainability in the USA from 1990 to 2022. The study employed time series econometric methods to estimate the empirical results. The study confirmed the long-run cointegrating relationship among CO2 emissions, human capital, income, R&D, technological innovation, and clean energy. The results are statistically significant in the short run except for R&D expenditures. In the long run, the study found that income and human capital contribute to further aggravating the environment via increasing CO2 emissions. However, R&D expenditures, technological innovation, and clean energy help to promote environmental sustainability by limiting carbon emissions. The study recommends investment in technological innovation, clean energy, and increasing R&D expenditures to achieve environmental sustainability in the USA.

The Effect of Environmental Smart Technology and Renewable Energy on Carbon Footprint: A Sustainability Perspective from the MENA Region

“…The significance of renewables is increasingly acknowledged as they are pivotal to reducing carbon footprints and can enhance socio-economic aspects by satisfying energy demands, lessening pollution impacts, and improving population well-being. Dogan et al [35] focused on the function of research and development (R&D) in realizing SDG goals and CO 2 emissions in the USA during the period of 1990 to 2022 in the context of COP28. They confirmed a long-term cointegrating link between CO 2 emissions, GDP, human capital, R&D, eco-friendly technologies, and RE.…”