Analyzing the Improvements of Energy Management Systems for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using a Systematic Literature Review: How Far Are These Controls from Rule-Based Controls Used in Commercial Vehicles?

Abstract

The hybridization of vehicles is a viable step toward overcoming the challenge of the reduction of emissions related to road transport all over the world. To take advantage of the emission reduction potential of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the appropriate design of their energy management systems (EMSs) to control the power flow between the engine and the battery is essential. This work presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of the more recent works that developed EMSs for HEVs. The review is carried out subject to the following idea: although the development of novel EMSs that seek the optimum performance of HEVs is booming, in the real world, HEVs continue to rely on well-known rule-based (RB) strategies. The contribution of this work is to present a quantitative comparison of the works selected. Since several studies do not provide results of their models against commercial RB strategies, it is proposed, as another contribution, to complete their results using simulations. From these results, it is concluded that the improvement of the analyzed EMSs ranges roughly between 5% and 10% with regard to commercial RB EMSs; in comparison to the optimum, the analyzed EMSs are nearer to the optimum than commercial RB EMSs.

Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electric Ship by Real-Time Verification

“…A well-designed EMS should take into account the following premises: (1) the diesel engine is the main power source and the battery is used to assist it; (2) the power demanded by the loads must be supplied uninterruptedly; (3) the battery state-of-charge (SOC) must be maintained within its operational limits. The EMS implemented in this work is a rule-based strategy similar to the strategies implemented in the hybrid-electric-vehicle industry [32].…”

Project and Development of a Reinforcement Learning Based Control Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…As far as the control of the main power and energy components involved in hybrid powertrains is concerned, an energy management system (EMS) is used to define the sequence of operating modes to be realized during a specific trip [6,7]. The EMS is typically representative of a control logic which aims at achieving a specific optimization goal, such as minimizing the fuel consumption (FC) of the ICE, constraining the battery state of charge (SoC), maximizing the components efficiencies, etc.…”

Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review of Existing Configurations and Thermodynamic Cycles

“…Thereby, the automotive industry is experiencing a deep transformation towards electric-based mobility [8,9]. This trend is provoking leading brands to be oriented to this new sector, by developing a plethora of novel vehicle models [10]. In this context, the launching of the Toyota Prius in December 1997 [11] was a first milestone that was followed in 1999 with the Honda Insight, a semi-hybrid with manual change or CVT of reduced size and weight, with a low fuel consumption and optimized aerodynamics [11,12].…”