Analyzing the Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Development in Pakistan: Ardl Bound Test Cointegration Analysis

Abstract

This research explores the issue of gender discrimination and offers its solutions with reference to Pakistani context. A time series data from the period of 1990 to 2016 was used in this study. Dependent variable is GDP growth rate whereas independent variables are gender inequality index (GII), term of trade (TOT), literacy rate (Lit), interest rate (CMR), inflation (wpi) and female access to higher education (HE). For time series we check stationarity of data by employing unit root test which showed that series have mixed level interrogation, so, ARDL technique for best possible estimation. This has highlighted the long run relationship between inequality and economic growth in Pakistan. The results indicate that gender inequality and economic growth are inversely related to each other. Further results revealed that Literacy rates, Interest rate and inflation rate are negatively and significantly related to economic development while female access to higher education was found to have positive and significant impact while terms of trade have negative and insignificant impact on economic development.

Perpetuation of gender discrimination in Pakistani society: results from a scoping review and qualitative study conducted in three provinces of Pakistan

“…Awareness and education to both males and females about equal rights Actual Islamic practice should be followed. Proper allocation of budget for women empowerment 16 Khurshid (2020) Analyzing the Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Development in Pakistan: ARDL Bound Test Cointegration Analysis [ 16 ] To assess the relationship between gender inequality and economic development and also analyze the short term and long-term impact of gender inequality on economic development Pakistan Time series Analysis Gender inequality delayed both long term and short-term economic growth. Gender inequality has an inverse relationship with economic development.…”

“…Analyzing the Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Development in Pakistan: ARDL Bound Test Cointegration Analysis [ 16 ]…”

Mapping the Public Voice for Development—Natural Language Processing of Social Media Text Data: A Special Supplement of Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022

“…While the most prominent consequence of gender discrimination is the inability of some households to invest sufficiently in children's education, the impact of gender inequality reaches far beyond negative educational impacts for children and lower birth levels for certain communities (Khurshid, Fiaz, and Khurshid 2020). In fact, studies show that gender inequalities have both direct and indirect impacts on broader economic growth.…”

“…In systems that favor one gender for education, this lopsided investment is viewed as a misallocation of resources because highly competent but unfavored individuals are left underdeveloped. Such misallocation would reduce the quality of human capital, thereby potentially retarding economic growth (Khurshid et al 2020).…”