Analyzing the Histopathological Profiles of Thyroid Disorders in the Urban Setting of Mosul

Abstract

Introduction: This study seeks to investigate the demographic and histopathological profiles of thyroid disorders in Mosul, Iraq, covering the period from January 2021 to December 2022. The primary goal is to understand the prevalence, gender distribution, and age patterns of various thyroid disorders, providing a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological landscape in the region. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 450 cases obtained from the Pathology Department of Al Khanssa Teaching Hospital. The study focused on demographic parameters, histopathological types, and age distribution across congenital, autoimmune/inflammatory, goiter, and neoplastic categories. Female-to-male ratios were calculated, and specific age groups were scrutinized for concentrations of thyroid disorders. Results: The study revealed a significant female predominance, with a total female-to-male ratio of 9.7:1. Distinct age patterns were observed, showcasing concentrations of autoimmune cases in the 21-30 age group and a peak in goiter cases in the 41-50 age group. Simple colloid goiter emerged as the most prevalent histological type at 42.2%. Comparisons with regional and international studies confirmed the consistency of the findings, emphasizing the influence of geographical location and socio-cultural factors on male-to-female ratios. Conclusion: This study contributes crucial insights into the epidemiological landscape of thyroid diseases in Mosul, allowing for informed clinical management and targeted public health interventions. The identified patterns and prevalence rates offer a foundation for further research and the development of region-specific strategies to address the challenges posed by thyroid disorders. The study underscores the necessity of tailoring interventions to the unique characteristics of the local population, emphasizing the importance of region-specific considerations in understanding and managing thyroid disorders.