Analyzing the effect of severe weather on farmers' fertilizer usage and input investment amidst decreasing productivity in single-season agroecosystems

Abstract

IntroductionIn Ghana and comparable developing countries, advancing farm investments and adopting innovative rice farming techniques encounters obstacles because of climate change. Smallholder farming households, affected by climate events, confront substantial risks that affect both agricultural returns and investment decisions.MethodsThis research evaluates the enduring impact of fluctuating weather patterns in a single-cropping agroecological region on rice yields, examining the consequent influence on the utilization of inorganic fertilizers and agricultural input investment among rain-fed households, investigating disparities, reasons, and underlying mechanisms. The research used panel data from 60 communities, employing regression analysis and probability models. It integrated monthly cropping season weather data across the study zone's grid cells for community-level time series analysis.Results and discussionThe results suggest that while weather shocks have a minimal impact on farmers abandoning inorganic fertilizers altogether, they do significantly decrease the overall amount of fertilizer used, agricultural investments, and rice crop yields. Floods and severe shocks exert a more pronounced influence compared to droughts and moderate shocks. Off-farm employment aids households in recovering from these shocks and maintaining agricultural investments. Climate shocks impact agricultural investment by reducing farm household income via altering crop yield and revenue. Consequently, this disrupts their ability to save, resulting in financial constraints. Encouraging and sustaining farm investments in vulnerable agrosystems involves diversifying income sources through combined crop and livestock farming, supplemented by off-farm activities. This strategy is fortified by climate-resilient farming practices, including resilient crop varieties supported by irrigation, weather insurance, and risk-oriented credit.

The effects of climate extreme events on selected food crop yields in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…[ 1 ]. This outcome is consistent with [ 31 , 58 ] who found in Ghana and Pakistan respectively that climate extreme events lessen agricultural production.…”

“…Similarly, floods and droughts can make fertilizers application difficult for farmers as found by Ref. [ 58 ] who revealed that while weather shocks have a minimal impact on farmers abandoning inorganic fertilizers altogether, they do significantly decrease the overall amount of fertilizer used but floods and severe shocks exert a more pronounced influence compared to droughts and moderate shocks. Finally, floods and droughts can increase farmers’ credit constraints because according to Ref.…”