Analyzing the ability to reconstruct the moisture field using commercial microwave network data

David, Noam; Sendik, Omry; Rubin, Y.; Messer, H.; Gao, H. Oliver; Rostkier‐Edelstein, Dorita; Alpert, Pinhas

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.025

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…David et al (2009) suggested that CMLs operating around 22 GHz might be sufficiently sensitive to gaseous attenuation, enabling estimation of water vapor density. Recently, daily water vapor estimates from multiple CMLs operating around 22 GHz were evaluated (David et al, 2019); nonetheless, water vapor retrieval from E-band CMLs has not been reported yet. Water vapor attenuation in the E-band is about 2 times higher than around 22 GHz; however, it is also significantly more sensitive to temperature and to a lesser extent air pressure (Fig.…”

Section: Attenuation By Atmospheric Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric observations with E-band microwave links – challenges and opportunities

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Opportunistic sensing of rainfall and water vapor using commercial microwave links operated within cellular networks was conceived more than a decade ago. It has since been further investigated in numerous studies, predominantly concentrating on the frequency region of 15–40 GHz. This article provides the first evaluation of rainfall and water vapor sensing with microwave links operating at E-band frequencies (specifically 71–76 and 81–86 GHz). These microwave links are increasingly being updated (and are frequently replacing) older communication infrastructure. Attenuation–rainfall relations are investigated theoretically on drop size distribution data. Furthermore, quantitative rainfall estimates from six microwave links, operated within cellular backhaul, are compared with observed rainfall intensities. Finally, the capability to detect water vapor is demonstrated on the longest microwave link measuring 4.86 km in path length. The results show that E-band microwave links are markedly more sensitive to rainfall than devices operating in the 15–40 GHz range and can observe even light rainfalls, a feat practically impossible to achieve previously. The E-band links are, however, substantially more affected by errors related to variable drop size distribution. Water vapor retrieval might be possible from long E-band microwave links; nevertheless, the efficient separation of gaseous attenuation from other signal losses will be challenging in practice.

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Section: Attenuation By Atmospheric Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric observations with E-band microwave links – challenges and opportunities

et al. 2020

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“…The water vapor attenuates the energy of the ML in the transmission path with the following equation [18,19]:…”

Section: Analysis Of the Potential Of Estimating Water Vapor With The ML Attenuation Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, researchers have studied the potential of estimating water vapor density by MLs [16]. David and colleagues first proposed a method for estimating the water vapor density by MLs [17,18]. They estimated the water vapor in central Israel by around 22 GHz MLs based on an attenuation model of the gases [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Water Vapor Using Signals from Microwave Links below 25 GHz

et al. 2021

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Water vapor is a key element in both the greenhouse effect and the water cycle. However, water vapor has not been well studied due to the limitations of conventional monitoring instruments. Recently, estimating rain rate by the rain-induced attenuation of commercial microwave links (MLs) has been proven to be a feasible method. Similar to rainfall, water vapor also attenuates the energy of MLs. Thus, MLs also have the potential of estimating water vapor. This study proposes a method to estimate water vapor density by using the received signal level (RSL) of MLs at 15, 18, and 23 GHz, which is the first attempt to estimate water vapor by MLs below 20 GHz. This method trains a sensing model with prior RSL data and water vapor density by the support vector machine, and the model can directly estimate the water vapor density from the RSLs without preprocessing. The results show that the measurement resolution of the proposed method is less than 1 g/m3. The correlation coefficients between automatic weather stations and MLs range from 0.72 to 0.81, and the root mean square errors range from 1.57 to 2.31 g/m3. With the large availability of signal measurements from communications operators, this method has the potential of providing refined data on water vapor density, which can contribute to research on the atmospheric boundary layer and numerical weather forecasting.

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“…Many variables influence the amount of fogdrip a watershed receives. Cell tower networks have been proposed for fog monitoring (David 2018) and monitoring precipitation (David et al 2019). The location within the watershed is also crucial, as forest edges receive more fog than the interior (Ewing et al 2009).…”

Section: The Satellite-based Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algorithms have been developed to accommodate the degradation of the signal and improve cellular communications. Cell tower networks have been proposed for fog monitoring (David 2018) and monitoring precipitation (David et al 2019).…”

Section: The Satellite-based Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Resilience from Summertime Fog and Recharge: A Case Study for Coho Salmon Recovery Planning

Torregrosa

Flint

2019

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Research Impact Statement: Coastal fog and recharge strongly influence late summer instream hydroclimate conditions critical to coho and help to identify watersheds least vulnerable to future warming.ABSTRACT: Fog and low cloud cover (FLCC) and late summer recharge increase stream baseflow and decrease stream temperature during arid Mediterranean climate summers, which benefits salmon especially under climate warming conditions. The potential to discharge cool water to streams during the late summer (hydrologic capacity; HC) furnished by FLCC and recharge were mapped for the 299 subwatersheds ranked Core, Phase 1, or Phase 2 under the National Marine Fisheries Service Recovery Plan that prioritized restoration and threat abatement action for endangered Central California Coast Coho Salmon evolutionarily significant unit. Two spatially continuous gridded datasets were merged to compare HC: average hrs/day FLCC, a new dataset derived from a decade of hourly National Weather Satellite data, and annual average mm recharge from the USGS Basin Characterization Model. Two use-case scenarios provide examples of incorporating FLCC-driven HC indices into long-term recovery planning. The first, a thermal analysis under future climate, projected 65% of the watershed area for 8-19 coho population units as thermally inhospitable under two global climate models and identified several units with high resilience (high HC under the range of projected warming conditions). The second use case investigated HC by subwatershed rank and coho population, and identified three population units with high HC in areas ranked Phase 1 and 2 and low HC in Core. Recovery planning for cold-water fish species would benefit by including FLCC in vulnerability analyses.(

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Analyzing the ability to reconstruct the moisture field using commercial microwave network data

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Atmospheric observations with E-band microwave links – challenges and opportunities

Atmospheric observations with E-band microwave links – challenges and opportunities

Estimating Water Vapor Using Signals from Microwave Links below 25 GHz

Hydrologic Resilience from Summertime Fog and Recharge: A Case Study for Coho Salmon Recovery Planning

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