Analyzing Platinum and Palladium Consumption and Demand Forecast in Japan

Abstract

Platinum and palladium are used in small but essential quantities in a variety of advanced industrial sectors. Platinum and palladium are used as catalysts in various industrial sectors, especially in the car industry. However, their sources are typically concentrated in South Africa and Russia, and there are concerns about supply security. In terms of resource security, it is important to verify domestic platinum and palladium consumption trends and future demand. In order to understand the domestic platinum and palladium consumption trends in Japan, we tracked the historical platinum and palladium consumption structures from 2001 to 2013, applying a bottom-up approach, and illustrated recent domestic platinum and palladium flow by using a substance flow analysis. The results showed that catalytic converters (9.1-12.8 t) and jewelry (5.3-15.5 t) for platinum, and catalytic converters (14.2-20.0 t) and dental use (9.5-16.4 t) for palladium, have marked the biggest consumption sectors during 2001-2013, where the total consumption of platinum and palladium have fluctuated by 18.4-31.6 t for platinum and from 33.0-46.3 t for palladium. We also forecasted the demand for each end-use of both up to the year 2025 using multiple regression analysis. Our results suggest that platinum demand could decrease from 18.9 t in 2013 to 11.9 t in 2025 and palladium demand could slightly decrease from 33.0 t in 2013 to 13.8 t in 2025.

Chemically modified rice husk as an effective adsorbent for removal of palladium ions

“…Palladium (Pd) is an economic element of unique properties. It is used in combination with other metals for production of jewelry, dental alloys and catalytic converters for cars [ 1 ]. Exposure to Pd or its compounds may lead to toxic effects on skin, eyes, kidneys, liver and lungs depending on the route of exposure and the chemical form of Pd [ 2 ].…”

Draft genome sequence of Deinococcus sp. KR-1, a potential strain for palladium-leaching

“…Palladium is one of the platinum-group metals and is an important material used in several industries. For example, palladium is utilized in automobile catalytic converters, which are necessary to degrade harmful gases to harmless ones before their discharge into the atmosphere [1]. Palladium has a low melting point and is easily cast.…”

Platinum Demand and Potential Bottlenecks in the Global Green Transition: A Dynamic Material Flow Analysis

“…In the future, sustainable and renewable fuels, in parallel with efficient battery technologies, will be key 10 for a low carbon transportation transition (especially for long-haul and heavy-duty vehicles, ships, and aviation where batteries cannot cover the required range), and production of these fuels often requires platinum as a catalyst. For example, polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers (PEMEL) for hydrogen and further electrofuel (mixtures of hydrogen from electrolysis and carbon from sustainable sources such as biogas or the air to form a gas or liquid fuel) production and proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) currently depend significantly on platinum as a catalytic material 6,11 .…”

“…Earlier studies have characterized the platinum cycle and demand-supply balance at different scales and from various points of view. Most of these studies focused on the characterization of the historical and/or current platinum cycle and especially its end use in different sectors, at the country (e.g., Germany and Japan), regional (e.g., EU), or global scale. These studies are based mainly on a material flow analysis (MFA) approach, but other methods such as input-output analysis and system dynamics were used as well.…”