Analyzing land and water requirements for solar deployment in the Southwestern United States

Bukhary, Saria; Ahmad, Sajjad; Batista, Jacimaria R.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.016

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Currently, with only one percent of the world's water resources being fresh water, this resource needs to be conserved [5][6][7][8]. Water reclamation and reuse is the key to conserving this natural resource, yet this process requires energy [9,10]. Water reclamation has been practiced in the form of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) using centralized treatment facilities located at low elevations to allow gravity collection of wastewater from metropolitan areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants

Bailey

Ahmad

Batista

2020

Water

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With an ever-increasing world population and the resulting increase in industrialization and agricultural practices, depletion of one of the world’s most important natural resources, water, is inevitable. Water reclamation and reuse is the key to protecting this natural resource. Water reclamation using smaller decentralized wastewater treatment plants, known as satellite water reuse plants (WRP), has become popular in the last decade. Reuse plants have stricter standards for effluent quality and require a smaller land footprint (i.e., real estate area). They also require additional treatment processes and advanced treatment technologies. This greatly increases the energy consumption of an already energy intensive process, accentuating even more the nexus between energy use and wastewater processing. With growing concerns over the use of nonrenewable energy sources and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, WRPs are in need of energy evaluations. This paper contrasts the energy consumption of both conventional and advanced treatment processes in satellite WRPs. Results of this research provide a means for engineers and wastewater utilities to evaluate unit processes based on energy consumption as well as a foundation for making decisions regarding the sustainability of using advanced treatment technologies at reuse facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants

Bailey

Ahmad

Batista

2020

Water

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“…Operational water requirements in solar facilities include water to clean the mirrors/panels. However, concentrating solar power (CSP) systems have water requirements similar to that of traditional thermoelectric power plants due to the additional water usage for cooling processes that is maximized if wet-cooling methods are employed (Bukhary et al 2018).…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Water-Land Nexus in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Perspective from the Paris Agreement Climate Mitigation Pledges

Miralles‐Wilhelm¹,

Castillo²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any non-commercial purpose, as provided below. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license.

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“…These objectives would be achieved by tying them to a renewable energy target installation capacity, and this target would have stemmed from a grand strategic plan that encircled financial, legal, industrial, economic, trade, and other goals, considerations, and constraints. The renewable energy targets would also specify the share that each renewable technology would shoulder from the overall target.One consideration that informs the decision of the utility-scale PV capacity to be installed is land availability, accessibility, and suitability [21]. Explicitly, the latter looks into land proximity to loads [22], land proximity to transmission line infrastructure [23], whether the land is natural habitat for certain (endangered) species [24], and potential interference with agricultural activities [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One consideration that informs the decision of the utility-scale PV capacity to be installed is land availability, accessibility, and suitability [21]. Explicitly, the latter looks into land proximity to loads [22], land proximity to transmission line infrastructure [23], whether the land is natural habitat for certain (endangered) species [24], and potential interference with agricultural activities [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Upper Limit of Distributed Solar PV Capacity in Riyadh: A GIS-Assisted Study

Elshurafa

Muhsen

2019

Sustainability

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Rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, commonly referred to as distributed generation (DG) solar systems, are deemed important contenders in future sustainable cities. Because deploying DG systems is associated with technical, financial, policy, and market implications that impact utilities, governments, and businesses, quantifying the potential of DG systems that could be deployed in a certain jurisdiction ex ante helps inform the decision-making process for all stakeholders. To that end, the upper limit of rooftop PV systems that could be deployed in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, was assessed with the aid of geographic information systems (GIS). By relying on urban land lot data for different categories, i.e., zones, and the maximum allowable area that could be built within a certain lot using prevailing building codes and regulations, the rooftop area suitable for PV deployment within Riyadh Metro was quantified. The analysis was restricted to rooftops in residential, mosque, shopping mall, and health care buildings only. Following the quantification of the rooftop area, the upper limit of rooftop solar PV capacity that can be deployed in the city of Riyadh was found to be 4.34 GW. This capacity represents nearly 22% of the peak load and can satisfy approximately 9% of the energy requirement in the central region, the region in which Riyadh resides. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4301 2 of 20Akin to any technology, both DG and utility-scale PV bring about strengths and weaknesses. Utility-scale solar farms, for example, benefit from economies of scale and are easier for electricity companies to manage from a central planning perspective [14]. However, land availability makes utility-scale deployment difficult within cities and even more so in city centers.On the other side of the spectrum, DG scale solar systems surmount the large land area requirements, and empower the consumer [15]. As the homeowner (or industrial facility, for example) self-consumes whatever is generated, this reduces the electricity bill. Further, if exporting energy back to the grid is possible and is compensated for, then the homeowner, depending on his consumption level [16], can receive credit for the exported energy [17]. This consumer empowerment [18], which transforms him/her to a prosumer (i.e., a consumer and a producer simultaneously), is of particular appeal especially in countries where the prevailing electricity prices are high. On the other hand, DG systems could cause instabilities in the distribution network [19], and hence, the electric utility has to adopt new operational procedures to avoid such incidents.Governments that have promoted renewable energy deployment were generally propelled by three main drivers: Reducing carbon emissions, boosting the economy by creating a renewable energy industry and creating jobs, and achieving higher energy security levels [20]. These objectives would be achieved by tying them to a renewable energy target installation capacity, and this target would have stemmed from a grand strateg...

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Analyzing land and water requirements for solar deployment in the Southwestern United States

Cited by 72 publications

References 100 publications

The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants

The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants

Energy-Water-Land Nexus in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Perspective from the Paris Agreement Climate Mitigation Pledges

The Upper Limit of Distributed Solar PV Capacity in Riyadh: A GIS-Assisted Study

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