Analyzing gut microbiota composition in individual Anopheles mosquitoes after experimental treatment

Abstract

The microbiota of Anopheles mosquitoes influences malaria transmission. Antibiotics ingested during a blood meal impact the mosquito microbiome and malaria transmission, with substantial differences between drugs. Here, we assessed if amoxicillin affects the gut mosquito microbiota. We collected Anopheles larvae in Burkina Faso, kept them in semi-field conditions, and offered a blood meal to adult females. We tested the impact of blood supplementation with two alternative amoxicillin preparations on microbiota composition, determined by highthroughput sequencing in individual gut samples. Our analysis detected four major genera, Elizabethkingia, Wigglesworthia, Asaia, and Serratia. The antibiotic treatment significantly affected overall microbiota composition, with a specific decrease in the relative abundance of Elizabethkingia and Asaia during blood digestion. Besides its interest on the influence of amoxicillin on the mosquito microbiota, our study proposes a thorough approach to report negativecontrol data of high-throughput sequencing studies on samples with a reduced microbial load.

Bacterial community structure of Anopheles hyrcanus group, Anopheles nivipes, Anopheles philippinensis, and Anopheles vagus from a malaria-endemic area in Thailand

“…However, the limit information on the gut microbiota of these four Anopheles species/group were obtained, which was required for further study when positive malaria samples are available for comparison. There were several studies that investigated the correlations between midgut microbiota and the mosquito malaria infection status [ 23 , 42 ]. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the midgut of An .…”

“…gambiae s.l. [ 23 ]. Additionally, five bacterial genera, including Aerococcus , Megasphaera , Peptostreptococcus , Roseomonas and Streptococcus were detected exclusively in the abdomen of P .…”

“…Mosquito gut microbiota can influence the development, digestion, immunity, metabolism, and other physiological functions of their hosts [ 14 , 15 ]. Several studies in African countries, including Kenya [ 16 , 17 ], Ghana [ 18 ], Senegal [ 19 ], Mali [ 20 ], Ethiopia [ 21 ], Burkina Faso [ 22 , 23 ], Cameroon [ 24 ] and the Republic of Guinea [ 22 ], as well as in Asian countries, i.e., Vietnam [ 25 ], Thailand [ 26 ], China [ 27 ], and India [ 28 , 29 ] have shown that variations in gut microbiota affect the ability of insects, especially Anopheles mosquitoes, to transmit pathogens.…”

Ingestion of Amoxicillin – Clavulanic Acid at therapeutic concentration during blood meal impacts Aedes aegypti microbiota and dengue virus transmission

“…In another study, the ingestion of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as amoxicillin and the association (Amox/Clav) modi ed An. gambiae microbiota composition either in presence or absence of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes 19 . Amox/Clav is commonly used as empiric therapy for many of the World Health Organization priority infectious syndromes in adults and children, such as community acquired pneumonia or urinary tract infections 20,21 .…”

Ingestion of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid at therapeutic concentration during blood meal impacts Aedes aegypti microbiota and dengue virus transmission

“…In another study, the ingestion of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (Amox/Clav) modified An. gambiae microbiota composition either in presence or absence of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes 16 . Amox/Clav is commonly used as empiric therapy for many of the world health organization priority infectious syndromes in adults and children, such as community acquired pneumonia or urinary tract infections 17,18 .…”