“…This is the most common drainage pattern which resembles the twigs of the tree [ 59 , [90] , [91] , [92] ]. Subsurface geology, surface structure, slope, local topography, and terrain condition affects the formation and shape of drainage pattern in the watershed [ 90 , 91 ]. Fig.…”
“…This is the most common drainage pattern which resembles the twigs of the tree [ 59 , [90] , [91] , [92] ]. Subsurface geology, surface structure, slope, local topography, and terrain condition affects the formation and shape of drainage pattern in the watershed [ 90 , 91 ]. Fig.…”
“…In the research of the Alakol Lake fault, we require a set of quantitative parameters to elucidate its kinematic characteristics, activity intensity, and activity patterns. These parameters include horizontal displacement of the alluvial fan surfaces, stream channels, gullies, and ridges; vertical displacement of the fault scarps; and the age of these geomorphic surfaces [48][49][50]. The high-precision and high-resolution topographic and geomorphic data that can reveal subtle geomorphic features are the basis of the quantitative study of active structures [49,51].…”
Section: Drone Digital Elevation Models and Other Image Datamentioning
The NW-SE trending dextral strike-slip faults on the north side of the Tian Shan play an important role in accommodating the crustal shortening, which mainly includes the Karatau fault, Talas-Fergana fault, Dzhalair-Naiman fault, Aktas fault, Dzhungarian fault (also named Bolokenu-Aqikekuduk fault) and Chingiz fault. The classic viewpoint is that the strike-slip fault is the adjustment product caused by the difference of the crustal shortening from west to east. Another viewpoint attributes the dextral strike-slip fault to large-scale sinistral shearing. The Alakol Lake Fault is situated along the northern margin of the Dzhungarian Gate, stretching for roughly 150 km from Lake Ebinur to Lake Alakol. Our team utilized aerial photographs, Satellite Stereo-imagery, and field observation to map the distribution of the Alakol Lake fault. Our findings provided evidence supporting the assertion that the fault is a dextral strike-slip fault. In reference to its spatial distribution, Lake Alakol is situated in a pull-apart basin that lies between two major dextral strike-slip fault lines: the Chingiz and Dzhungarian faults. The Alakol Lake Fault serves as a connecting point for these two faults, resulting in the formation of a mega NW-SE dextral strike-slip fault zone. According to our analysis of the dating samples taken from the alluvial fan, as well as our measurement of the displacement of the riser and gully, it appears that the Alakol Lake fault has a dextral strike-slip rate of 0.8-1.5mm/yr. The strike-slip rate of the Alakol Lake fault is comparatively higher than that of the Chingiz fault in the northern region (~0.7 mm/yr), but slower than that of the Dzhungarian fault in the southern (3.2-5 mm/yr). The Chingiz-Alakol-Dzhungarian fault zone shows a gradual decrease in deformation towards the interior of the Kazakhstan platform. We contend that the rate of deformation observed is better explained by the crustal shortening adjustment model, rather than the large-scale sinistral shearing model.
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