Analyzing cleaner alternatives of solid and gaseous fuels for iron ore sintering in compacts machines

Castro, José Adilson de; Oliveira, Elizabeth Mendes de; Campos, Marcos Flávio de; Takano, Cyro; Yagi, Jun‐ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.082

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Figure 2 depicts the layout of the shaft dryer. The shaft dryer is principally based on the moving bed technology [38,39]. With medium-temperature gas as the heat source, the refractory material can be totally saved, and the over-burnt and pollution caused by the spalled refractory material can be avoided.…”

Section: Design Of the Novel Drying System And Shaft Dryermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Shaft Dryer for Coal-Based Green Needle Coke Drying Process

et al. 2019

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Featured Application: The energy efficient and environmentally friendly shaft dryer can be applied for drying green cokes during the needle coke production process. Abstract:The industry of coal-based green needle coke develops rapidly in recent years. The green coke produced by the delayed coking process usually has a moisture content of 10%-25%, which damages the calcining kiln and needle coke quality. A standing dehydration tank is currently used to reduce the moisture content of green coke. However, this process has several weaknesses such as unstable operation, large land area occupation, and low productivity. To solve this issue, a novel drying system with a shaft dryer proposed in this work is suitable for green coke drying. Moreover, the performances of the green coke are investigated to design the proposed shaft dryer. The experimental result shows that the average vertex angle of the pile of green cokes is 109.2 • . The pressure drop of the dryer increases linearly with the green coke bed height, and the green coke with a larger size has a smaller pressure drop. The specific pressure drops are 5714, 5554, 5354, and 5114 Pa/m, with median green coke sizes of 26.85, 29.00, 30.45, and 31.80 mm, respectively. Tooth spacing is another important parameter which influences the mass of green coke leakage. The optimal tooth spacing and rotary speed of the rollers are determined by the required production yield.

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Section: Design Of the Novel Drying System And Shaft Dryermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Shaft Dryer for Coal-Based Green Needle Coke Drying Process

et al. 2019

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“…Among others, process gases after cleaning can be used by the smelters in the production cycle as follows: fire coke batteries in a coking plant (COG) [ 12 ]; generate heat, steam, and electricity for the smelter’s own needs (COG, BFG) [ 13 , 14 ]. ; ignite the sinter mixture on sinter strands in ignition furnaces (a mixture of BFG and COG) [ 15 ]; increase coke savings in blast furnaces (COG, BFG, BOFG, or COREX gas as hot reduction gas after removal (CO 2 )) [ 16 , 17 ]; fire blast heaters (BFG with COG or oxygen-enriched blast with recirculation of blast furnace exhaust) [ 18 ]; supply heating furnaces in hot rolling mills (COG, BFG) [ 19 , 20 ]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Converter Gas as a Substitute Fuel for a Tunnel Furnace in Steelworks

Musiał

Szwaja

Kurtyka³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Converter gas (BOFG) is a by-product of the steel manufacturing process in steelworks. Its usage as a substitute fuel instead of natural gas for fueling a metallurgical furnace seems to be reasonable due to potential benefits as follows: CO2 emission reduction into the ambient air and savings in purchasing costs of natural gas. Results of theoretical analysis focused on implementing converter gas as a fuel for feeding a tunnel furnace for either steel plate rolling, steel sheet hardening in its real working condition or both, are discussed. The analysis was focused on the combustion chemistry of the converter gas and its potential ecological and economic benefits obtained from converter gas usage to heat up steel in a tunnel furnace. Simulations of combustion were conducted using a skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism by Konnov. The directed relation graph with error propagation aided sensitivity analysis (DRGEPSA) method was used to obtain this skeletal kinetic mechanism. Finally, the model was validated on a real tunnel furnace fueled by natural gas. Regarding exhaust emissions, it was found that nitric oxide (NO) dropped down from 275 to 80 ppm when natural gas was replaced by converter gas. However, carbon dioxide emissions increased more than three times in this case, but there is no possibility of eliminating carbon dioxide from steel manufacturing processes at all. Economic analysis showed savings of 44% in fuel purchase costs when natural gas was replaced by converter gas. Summing up, the potential benefits resulting from substituting natural gas with converter gas led to the conclusion that converter gas is strongly recommended as fuel for a tunnel furnace in the steel manufacturing process. Practical application requires testing gas burners in terms of their efficiency, which should provide the same amount of energy supplied to the furnace when fed with converter gas.

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“…The increase of CO 2 , CO, and NO x in exhaust gases was also observed. Hence, it was concluded that the use of raw biomass in the sintering process was inefficient [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochars in Iron Ores Sintering Process: Effect on Sinter Quality and Emission

et al. 2021

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The article presents results of the research on the use of chars produced during pyrolysis of residual biomass as a substitutional fuel in the iron ore sintering process. Such an approach allows to implement circular economy and industrial symbiosis to the iron and steel branches. The effect of the substitution of conventional coke breeze fuel used in sintering on final sinter quality and emission was examined. With regard to productivity, fuel consumption, and properties of the sinter it was shown that the share of tested biochars in fuel may be kept at 10, and up to 30 wt.%, depending on the biochar type. It was observed that with the use of the biochars, the content of iron oxide in the sinter decreased, which was advantageous. Moreover, the sinter obtained in the presence of biochars was characterized with better strength and abrasion than the sinter obtained with coke breeze-based fuel, improving the final product quality. The presence of biochar influenced the raw exhaust gas composition and resulted in a slight increase of organic and inorganic carbon compounds content, while the amount of sulfur oxides was noticeably decreased. It was concluded that the biochars may be applied in the sintering process at established share in the fuel stream.

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Analyzing cleaner alternatives of solid and gaseous fuels for iron ore sintering in compacts machines

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Development of a Novel Shaft Dryer for Coal-Based Green Needle Coke Drying Process

Development of a Novel Shaft Dryer for Coal-Based Green Needle Coke Drying Process

Usage of Converter Gas as a Substitute Fuel for a Tunnel Furnace in Steelworks

Biochars in Iron Ores Sintering Process: Effect on Sinter Quality and Emission

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