Analyzing atmospheric trace gases and aerosols using passenger aircraft

Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M.; Šlemr, F.; Koeppel, C.; Scharffe, D.; Pupek, M.; Lelieveld, J.; Crutzen, Paul J.; Zahn, Andreas; Sprung, Detlev; Fischer, H.; Hermann, M.; Reichelt, M.; Heintzenberg, Jost; Schläger, Hans; Ziereis, H.; Schumann, U.; Dix, B.; Platt, U.; Ebinghaus, Ralf; Martinsson, Bengt G.; Ciais, Philippe; Filippi, Dionata; Leuenberger, Markus; Oram, D. E.; Penkett, S. A.; Velthoven, P. van; Waibel, A.

doi:10.1029/2005eo080001

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some examples include flask air samplings using commercial aircraft to examine spatial and temporal variations of CO 2 over Japan (Nakazawa et al, 1993), Australia (Pearman and Beardsmore 1984), the western Pacific (Nakazawa et al, 1991;Matsueda et al, 2002a), Europe-tropics (Brenninkmeijer et al, 1999), and northern high-latitude regions around North America, Scandinavia, and the Arctic (Bolin and Bischof 1970). Not only CO 2 but also ozone, its precursors and aerosols have been observed by other civil-aircraft-based atmospheric research projects such as CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) (Brenninkmeijer et al, 2005), MOZAIC (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapour by Airbus In-Service Aircraft) (Marenco et al, 1998) and NOXAR (Measurements of Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone Along Air Routes) (Brunner et al, 2001). Thus, the airliner observations are essential for better understanding anthropogenic changes of the atmospheric environment from the free troposphere to the lowermost stratosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations

Matsueda¹,

Machida²,

Sawa³

et al. 2008

Pap. Met. Geophys.

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A new flask sampling system (Automatic Air Sampling Equipment (ASE)) was used to conduct atmospheric CO 2 measurements at about 10km altitude over the western Pacific between Australia and Japan using a Japan Airlines (JAL) airliner from December 2005 to April 2007. The observed CO 2 from the ASE agreed well with that determined by the in-situ CO 2 measuring system (Continuous CO 2 Measuring Equipment (CME)) during the same flights. The data from the ASE and CME exhibited similar mean CO 2 for 12 latitudinal bands at an interval of 5° between 30°N and 30°S, although the discrete ASE data are sparse compared to the frequent measurements by the CME. The CO 2 standard scales of the Meteorological Research Institute and the National Institute for Environmental Studies were compared to provide a consistent data set for the first and second phases of the JAL project. The new ASE data clearly depicted a seasonal cycle and increasing trend, which were reproduced by the extrapolated variations deduced from the climatology of previous observations for the past 12 years. In particular, latitudinal changes of detrended seasonal cycles obtained from the new observation were quite similar to those derived from the climatology in the previous observation. These results indicated the consistency in the continuity of the CO 2 record extended by the new JAL observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations

Matsueda¹,

Machida²,

Sawa³

et al. 2008

Pap. Met. Geophys.

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“…Brunner et al, 1998) or CARIBIC (e.g. Brennikmeijer et al, 2005) use commercial and passenger aircraft to routinely measure chemical species, but thereby only the lower part of the LMS is reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal cycles and variability of O<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O in the UT/LMS during SPURT

Krebsbach¹,

Schiller²,

Brunner

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Airborne high resolution in situ measurements of a large set of trace gases including ozone (O 3 ) and total water (H 2 O) in the upper troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere (UT/LMS) have been performed above Europe within the SPURT project. SPURT provides an extensive data coverage of the UT/LMS in each season within the time period between November 2001 and July 2003.In the LMS a distinct spring maximum and autumn minimum is observed in O 3 , whereas its annual cycle in the UT is shifted by 2-3 months later towards the end of the year. The more variable H 2 O measurements reveal a maximum during summer and a minimum during autumn/winter with no phase shift between the two atmospheric compartments.For a comprehensive insight into trace gas composition and variability in the UT/LMS several statistical methods are applied using chemical, thermal and dynamical vertical coordinates. In particular, 2-dimensional probability distribution functions serve as a tool to transform localised aircraft data to a more comprehensive view of the probed atmospheric region. It appears that both trace gases, O 3 and H 2 O, reveal the most compact arrangement and are best correlated in the view of potential vorticity (PV) and distance to the local tropopause, indicating an advanced mixing state on these surfaces. Thus, strong gradients of PV seem to act as a transport barrier both in the vertical and the horizontal direction. The alignment of trace gas isopleths reflects the existence of a year-round extra-tropical tropopause transition layer. The SPURT measurements reveal that this layer is mainly affected by stratospheric air during winter/spring and by tropospheric air during autumn/summer.Correspondence to: M. Krebsbach (m.krebsbach@fz-juelich.de) Normalised mixing entropy values for O 3 and H 2 O in the LMS appear to be maximal during spring and summer, respectively, indicating highest variability of these trace gases during the respective seasons.

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“…CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container, www.caribic-atmospheric.com) is one of three current atCorrespondence to: T. J. Schuck (schuck@mpch-mainz.mpg.de) mospheric chemistry and composition programs based on commercial passenger aircraft (Brenninkmeijer et al, 2005;IGAC, 2007). Such programs provide the possibility of regularly monitoring atmospheric trace constituents on a longterm basis, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas analysis of air samples collected onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

Schuck¹,

Brenninkmeijer²,

Šlemr³

et al. 2009

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) is a long-term atmospheric measurement program based on the use of a comprehensive scientific instrument package aboard a commercial passenger aircraft. In addition to realtime measurements, whole air sampling is performed regularly at cruising altitudes in the tropical middle troposphere and the extra-tropical UT/LS region. Air samples are analyzed for greenhouse gases, NMHCs, halocarbons, and trace gas isotopic composition. The routinely performed greenhouse gas analysis comprises gas chromatography measurements of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O and SF 6 .The air sampling procedure, the GC system and its performance are described. Comparisons with similar systems employed in other laboratories and a comparison with results from a CO 2 in-situ analyzer that is also part of the CARIBIC instrumentation are shown. In addition, the time series of CO 2 , obtained from the collection of 684 samples at latitudes between 30 • N and 56 • N on 21 round trips out of Germany to different destinations in Asia between November 2005 and October 2008, is presented. A time shift in the seasonal cycle of about one month was observed between the upper troposphere and the tropopause region. For two sets of return flights from Germany to the Philippines the relationship between the four greenhouse gases is briefly discussed.

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Analyzing atmospheric trace gases and aerosols using passenger aircraft

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations

Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations

Seasonal cycles and variability of O<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O in the UT/LMS during SPURT

Greenhouse gas analysis of air samples collected onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

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Analyzing atmospheric trace gases and aerosols using passenger aircraft

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations

Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations

Seasonal cycles and variability of O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O in the UT/LMS during SPURT

Greenhouse gas analysis of air samples collected onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

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Seasonal cycles and variability of O<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O in the UT/LMS during SPURT