Analyzing and Modeling Temporal Disease Progress of Barley yellow dwarf virus Serotypes in Barley Fields

Abstract

Population dynamics of Padi avenae (PAV), Macrosiphum avenae (MAV), and Rhopalosiphum padi (RPV) virus serotypes of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and of their main aphid vectors were studied in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields for three successive years in western France. An epidemiological model of the spread of viruses in the field was developed based on vector populations as forcing variables and the population dynamics of each virus serotype. This model accurately simulated the kinetics of the epidemic for PAV serotypes, which are the most common ones. For RPV and to some extent for MAV, the results were less satisfactory. The occurrence and spread of PAV and MAV serotypes in the field was clearly and easily related to that of their main vector species. Conversely, the spread of RPV serotypes showed no consistent relationships with the dynamics of their vectors. Incidence of PAV in 1989 to 1990 and 1990 to 1991 showed a bimodal distribution, with maximums in fall (December) and spring (May) that were linked to fall infestations by R. padi and spring infestations by three (R. padi, Sitobion avenae, and Metopolophium dirhodum) or two (S. avenae and M. dirhodum) aphid species. In 1991 to 1992, the PAV infection curve was monomodal and mainly due to a primary spread of the virus by very large populations of alate R. padi. MAV incidence was low in fall and winter and reached a maximum in spring 1990 and 1991 related to the occurrence of S. avenae and M. dirhodum. RPV incidence was low every year, despite the abundance of its vector, R. padi. Mixed infections were more frequent than expected by chance and were assumed to be partly related to heterologous encapsidation. The occurrence of each serotype is discussed in relation to the time of crop infection and possible damage.

Aphid colony turn‐over influences the spatial distribution of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae over the wheat growing season

“…Sitobion avenae transmits barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV‐MAV and BYDV‐PAV) that cause one of the most damaging cereal diseases worldwide (Matthews, 1991). BYDV infections depend on the percentage of infested plants, rather than on aphid abundance on a plant (Leclercq‐Le Quillec et al , 2000). In autumn‐sown cereals, the more plants are infested by R. padi (i.e.…”

Environmental nutrient supply alters prevalence and weakens competitive interactions among coinfecting viruses

“…At least 25 aphid species are known as vectors of B/CYDVs, but the transmission efficiency of each virus species differs strongly among vectors (Halbert & Voegtlin, 1995;Power & Gray, 1995;Miller & Rasochova, 1997). The aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi is the main vector for both BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV, two of the common B/CYDVs virus species found in both crop and wild plants ( Leclercq-Le Quillec et al, 2000;Robertson & French, 2007;Seabloom et al, 2010).…”

Epidemiology of insect‐transmitted plant viruses: modelling disease dynamics and control interventions

“…Some of these models specifically include the vector population (Nakasuji et al ., 1985; Vandermeer & Power, 1990; Ferris & Berger, 1993); others do not (e.g. Leclercq‐LeQuillec et al ., 2000) or include only empirically derived relationships (Fargette et al ., 1994). A key feature of these more parsimonious models is that control options can be explicitly built into the model specification and the model can be analysed to determine the consequences of different control options.…”