Analyzing Active Constituents and Optimal Steaming Conditions Related to the Hematopoietic Effect of Steamed Panax notoginseng by Network Pharmacology Coupled with Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

During hundreds of years of medication, it is believed that the steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) can enrich and regulate the blood, replenish the body, and improve the health. The aim of this study was to optimize the steaming conditions of SPN which are related to the hematopoietic effect. In the study, network pharmacology and pharmacological experiments were used to predict and verify the potential hematopoietic active ingredients of SPN. Three variables including the steaming time (2-10 h), steaming temperature (90-130°C), and different producing areas of PN were investigated by using single-factor analysis. Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) was performed to explore the optimized steaming conditions which are responsible for the hematopoietic effect of SPN. Furthermore, the hematopoietic effect of the optimized SPN was evaluated. Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rd, Rh1, Rh4, Rk3, and 20(S)-Rg3 can significantly increase blood routine parameters and expressions of hematopoietic factors in anemia mice. The total contents of the five ginsenosides were selected as evaluation indexes of the response surface method. We found that the PN from Wenshan steamed at 120°C for 5 h could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters and hematopoietic factor expression compared with the model group. The study not only provides data support for the determination of hematinic effect-related markers for SPN but also gives a scientific reference for the processing of SPN which has a better hematopoietic effect. The underlying mechanisms require further research.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Tong Xie Yao Fang in Treating Ulcerative Colitis Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

“…In Cytoscape, we used the plug-in cytoNCA to calculate the value of degree centrality (DC) and closeness centrality (CC) of all nodes in the network. As a standard for filtering ingredients and targets, we considered the nodes with values greater than the median value of DC and CC as the key nodes in our network [ 23 ]. Based on the new network, we can intuitively identify relationships between TXYF's active ingredients and its target targets.…”

Mechanism of Magnolia Volatile Oil in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis Based on GC‐MS, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking

“…Network pharmacology is a novel and efective method to systematically and comprehensively describe the law of interactions between components and targets through the integration of chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, network biology, network analysis, and traditional pharmacology [24,25]. Recently, network pharmacology has been successfully employed to investigate the active compounds and the underlying mechanism of TCM with complex chemical composition [26][27][28][29][30]. Molecular docking simulation is an important way of drug virtual screening, which can provide useful information about drug-receptor interactions by calculating the binding energy of small-molecule ligands (drugs) with proteins (receptors) [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng roots in rats by UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneously quantifying seven saponins

“…That is to say, RPN can remove blood stasis and arrest bleeding, while SPN has a restorative effect for its nourishing function and blood cell-increasing (Zhou et al. 2020 ). Prevailing studies confirmed that the RPN displayed high potency for haemostasis, analgesic effects, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, while the SPN has better antitumor, antioxidation, antiaplastic anaemia and enhances immune function activities (Lau et al.…”

“…Pharmacological effects of P. notoginseng change during the steaming process and there is a description for P. notoginseng medicinal properties that 'the raw products eliminate and the steamed forms tonify' (Wu et al 2018). That is to say, RPN can remove blood stasis and arrest bleeding, while SPN has a restorative effect for its nourishing function and blood cell-increasing (Zhou et al 2020). Prevailing studies confirmed that the RPN displayed high potency for haemostasis, analgesic effects, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, while the SPN has better antitumor, antioxidation, antiaplastic anaemia and enhances immune function activities (Lau et al 2009;Li et al 2011;Chen et al 2013;Wu et al 2014;Wei et al 2018;Zhang et al 2019).…”