Analytical study of the causes of the major landslide of Bukit Antarabangsa in 2008 using fault tree analysis

Kazmi, Danish; Qasim, Sadaf; Harahap, Indra Sati Hamonangan; Vu, Thu Hang

doi:10.1007/s41062-017-0105-4

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The increase in soil water weight with heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt, but also with leaking water pipes, canals, irrigation systems, reservoirs, and septic tanks, and rising groundwater table is sometimes mentioned as (e.g., Selby, 1993), or proved to be (Kazmi et al, 2017), a cause of slope (over)loading. However, one commonly considers that the main effect of elevation of the water table is an increase in pore pressure that proportionately decreases the strength of the slope material, thus tending to trigger landslides (e.g., Wieczorek, 1996).…”

Section: Overloading By High Soil Water Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside waste, voluminous landfill is also more and more involved in construction works, e.g., for highway or railway embankments. Finally, anthropogenic loading eventually leading to unexpected slope failure may also be caused by water accumulating in the slope material due to leakage or burst of pipes and septic tanks, or infiltration from canals, or intensive irrigation of cropland, with the common twofold impact on slopes of added weight and increased pore pressure (e.g., Kazmi et al, 2017).…”

Section: (Local) Overloading By Fills and Heavy Constructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes and Triggers of Mass-Movements: Overloading

Demoulin¹,

Havenith²

2022

Treatise on Geomorphology

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Any review of the literature on landslides rapidly comes to the obvious conclusion that heavy rainfall and earthquakes, occasionally also volcanic eruptions, are the most cited triggers of landsliding in natural conditions. By contrast, slope overloading is more frequently considered a major direct cause of human-induced mass movements, as evidenced by the dominant use of the term to refer to anthropogenic loading in the engineering literature. However, there may actually be natural seismic and non-seismic landslides whose main trigger is overloading, whereas overloading is but one of several concurrent factors in many anthropogenic landslides.Strictly speaking, slope overloading is defined as the addition of a load that increases the existing stress applied to a slope, more specifically to a weaker shear surface within the slope material, so that the latter's ultimate shear strength is exceeded and failure occurs. But we shall also consider many more cases hereafter, where a moderate surcharge load, though not able to initiate slope failure by itself, is nevertheless a potent cofactor of triggering. The added load is either static (e.g., accumulation of fill or waste on top of a slope) or dynamic, inducing transient instantaneous excess shear stresses (seismic loading, wave loading).High-amplitude dynamic stress build-up by seismic shaking, possibly also by storm wave impacts on coastal cliffs, typically results in failure-triggering overload, whereas more continuous low-amplitude dynamic stresses from traffic vibrations in, e.g., highway and railway embankments lead to long-term plastic strain accumulation and material fatigue and should then be considered a preparatory factor as well as, occasionally, the eventual trigger of slope instability.Statistical information on the role of overloading in triggering mass movements remains so far limited. A report documenting anthropogenic factors of landsliding in Europe (Nadim et al., 2011) illustrates the difficulty of isolating overloading among triggers of mass movement. According to this report, about 10% of the events included in a database of 4000 historical fatal landslides in Norway were clay slides, from which one of three was unequivocally human-induced, with overloading, associated with landfill or cut-and-fill for road or railway construction, being one of the most frequent triggers. No mention however in this report of the predominant role of added snow weight in triggering natural snow avalanches (see, e.g., Ancey, 2001;Hao et al., 2018), which is nevertheless the most widespread mass movement hazard together with rockslide in the country's mountainous areas. The same report further states that, from a data set of 2112 historical landslides, rockfalls and mudflows in France, 934 events, mainly landslides, were exclusively or partly triggered by human-induced "change in geometry of the slopes and overloading of surfaces," their frequency significantly increasing from the 1970s onwards. As a third case study, Nadim et al. (2011) cite the Canton of Bern (S...

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Section: Overloading By High Soil Water Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (Local) Overloading By Fills and Heavy Constructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and Triggers of Mass-Movements: Overloading

Demoulin¹,

Havenith²

2022

Treatise on Geomorphology

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“…It was discovered that 24 locations from Hulu Kelang soil slope region [11]. The major landslides of Highland Tower have been observed that it caused by the leakage of pipe under the ground [12]. However, the further question is whether the main problems of pipe leakage are the main cause of all the landslides in Hulu Kelang region.…”

Section: Location Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall-Induced Hydraulic Properties for Unsaturated Soil in Klang Valley

Kechik

Izham

Ibrahim

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Klang Valley area is one of the most landslide-prone areas in Malaysia, especially at Hulu Kelang, Kuala Lumpur. The area has been frequently hit by landslide since 1990s. Soil instability is agreed by researchers occurred due to high precipitation and long duration of rainfall which cause property damage and leading to injury and fatality. Slope failure is also triggered by the antecedent rainfall leads to infiltration of rainwater into soil. Therefore, study of rainwater infiltration is vital to relates soil – water interaction and soil behaviour for varies of rainfall intensities and duration for unsaturated soil. The objective of this paper is to determine and compare soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) which is one of the soil hydraulic parameters for Klang Valley area. Samples were collected to determine the soil hydraulic properties at Hulu Kelang area, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) campuses. SWCC was obtained by pressure plate extractor apparatus experiment and the analysis was performed using Van Genuchten equation. Result of parameters obtained shows significant differences of soil at Hulu Kelang area compared to soils at UKM and UPNM campuses. This research is relevant to supports national slope master plan 2009-2023.

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“…The soil used in this study was obtained from Bukit Antarabangsa, Selangor, Malaysia (3.1862° North and 101.7704° East). Bukit Antarabangsa sits within the landslide-prone region of Ulu Klang whereby a prominent landslide occurred in 2008 which resulted in casualties and heavy damages [27]. The residual soil from this location was chosen due to the historical records of slope failure incidents that make Bukit Antarabangsa a critical area that is highly susceptible to acid rain-induced slope failure, therefore, warranting urgent remedial and corrective measures if acid rain is a reason for concern to prevent a recurrence of the 2008 fatal landslide.…”

Section: Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Time Effects on Compressive Strength of Residual Soils Due to Rainwater

Anggraini

Isdaryanto

Illiayas

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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The short-term effects of acid rain on the geotechnical properties of residual soil were investigated. Artificial acid rain (AAR) of pH values 2, 4 and 6 was created with an infiltration setup to replicate the interaction between acid rain and soil. The soil specimens were infiltrated with AAR for durations of 30mins and 60mins for each pH level of 2, 4 and 6 and a control sample using deionised water of pH 7.5. Unconfined compression test (UCS) and Atterberg limits test were performed on the treated samples to study the mechanical behaviour and the characteristics of the soil once contaminated with AAR. The results revealed that reducing the pH value of AAR led to a reduction in compressive strength and Young’s modulus and an increment in liquid limit while the plastic limit remained unchanged. The reduction in compressive strength due to acid rain was observed to be almost halved when the bulk unit weight of the soil was increased for the same infiltration period.

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Analytical study of the causes of the major landslide of Bukit Antarabangsa in 2008 using fault tree analysis

Abstract: human errors which occur either as a result of negligence or as a result of several types of uncertainties. In this context, this study suggests a theoretical framework to address human errors and to mitigate the chances of slope failure.

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Causes and Triggers of Mass-Movements: Overloading

Causes and Triggers of Mass-Movements: Overloading

Rainfall-Induced Hydraulic Properties for Unsaturated Soil in Klang Valley

Short-Time Effects on Compressive Strength of Residual Soils Due to Rainwater

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