Analytical solution of the Time Difference Of Arrival method with known target altitude

“…The conventional TDoA technique which requires 3 or more sensors has been intensely investigated and extended to newer techniques such as Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDoA) [160][161][162]. One major advantage of TDoA over ToA is that receivers can listen passively to the transmitted signal, which invariably locates the position of the transmitter [163], and TDoA does not suffer from the drawback of accurate time synchronization, thereby making it a more effective method [72,164].…”

Section: ■ Time Difference Of Arrival-based Location Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor location identification technologies for real-time IoT-based applications: An inclusive survey

Oguntala

Abd‐Alhameed

Jones

et al. 2018

Computer Science Review

102

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The advent of the Internet of Things has witnessed tremendous success in the application of wireless sensor networks and ubiquitous computing for diverse smart-based applications. The developed systems operate under different technologies using different methods to achieve their targeted goals. In this treatise, we carried out an inclusive survey on key indoor technologies and techniques, with to view to explore their various benefits, limitations, and areas for improvement. The mathematical formulation for simple localization problems is also presented. In addition, an empirical evaluation of the performance of these indoor technologies is carried out using a common generic metric of scalability, accuracy, complexity, robustness, energy-efficiency, cost and reliability. An empirical evaluation of performance of different RF-based technologies establishes the viability of Wi-Fi, RFID, UWB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Light over other indoor technologies for reliable IoT-based applications. Furthermore, the survey advocates hybridization of technologies as an effective approach to achieve reliable IoT-based indoor systems. The findings of the survey could be useful in the selection of appropriate indoor technologies for the development of reliable real-time indoor applications. The study could also be used as a reliable source for literature referencing on the subject of indoor location identification.

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“…In 2004, Steven E. Lip sky suggested (in his book) using a linear or circular array of the antenna to solve ambiguity for mono-pulse interferometer angle-of-arrival AOA [4]. A novel hybrid multi-mode interferometer system was suggested [5]. The system needed only three antennas for phase measurement ambiguity solving.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Solution of Phase Interferometry Ambiguity using Zero-Crossing Technique

khalifa

Mashhadany

Najeeb

2022

IJEER

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Direction finding systems applying phase interferometer of long baseline gives high accuracy of the angle of arrival measurements; however, they are suffering from phase ambiguity and phase error due to antenna spacing greater than half wavelength of the intercepted signals. In this paper, the simple two-antenna interferometer system has been adopted with the zero-crossing technique used to solve the phase measurement ambiguities in the processing unit. The zeros-crossing of both channels (lead and lag) were extracted using electronic circuitry. A count gate was formed to count the zeros throughout the phase difference between the two channels. The ambiguity factor was taken to be half of the even count which will be added to the output of the phase comparator to estimate the total phase difference. Multisim software has been used to simulate the proposed processing unit and the ambiguity was calculated for different values of phase difference. Antenna spaces (D/λ) of (1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, and 16) were applied to the system and the corresponding ambiguity factors have been measured to be (zero, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14 and 16) respectively. Therefore for antenna spaces (D ≤ λ/2) there is no ambiguity. These simulated results show a coincidence with the theoretical values. The lead-lag channels were also solved without the need to add other antennas to the system since the first zero detected by either antenna refers to the lead channel. The proposed technique has advantages over others since it solves ambiguities on the basis of real-time processing without the need for complex, expensive, heavy, and slower response systems.

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Analytical solution of the Time Difference Of Arrival method with known target altitude

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Analytical method for solving the problem of determining the location of a radio source in three-dimensional space

Analytical method for solving the problem of determining the location of a radio source in three-dimensional space

Indoor location identification technologies for real-time IoT-based applications: An inclusive survey

An Efficient Solution of Phase Interferometry Ambiguity using Zero-Crossing Technique

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