Analytical Review on the Hydrogen Multilayer Intercalation in Carbonaceous Nanostructures: Relevance for Development of Super-Adsorbents for Fuel-Cell-Powered Vehicles

Abstract

The analytical consideration of some recent experimental and theoretical data on the hydrogen on-board storage problem shows the necessity and economical expediency of carrying out further basic studies and initiating a constructive discussion on the physical key-note aspects ("open questions") of the hydrogen sorption by carbon-based nanomaterials: Especially, on the hydrogen multilayer intercalation in carbonaceous nanostructures, their relevance for the development of super-adsorbents for fuel-cell-powered vehicles, i.e., storage materials, which satisfy most of the U.S. DOE targets. It is consistent with the U. S. National Academies' recent recommendations and manifestations of the critical situation of the hydrogen storage problem.

On Thermodynamic Stability of Hydrogenated Graphene Layers, Relevance to the Hydrogen on-board Storage

“…E graphene )  0.1 TPa) in the expanded regions (domains or grains) of the material [5]. This analytical result in this study is consistent with the analytical results of the related data considered from [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], relevant to the possibility of the existence of hydrogenated graphane*-like nanostructures possessing of a Young's modulus value close to that of graphene (E graphane*  E graphene = 1.0 TPa).…”

“…1 [50]). Model "H" corresponds to TDS process (or peak) II in [14,16,[18][19][20][21], for which the apparent diffusion activation energy is Q app.II  1.2 eV that is comparatively close to E TDS-peak # 1,2 . Obviously, chemisorption models "H" and/or "G" (Fig.…”

“…It is important to note that in Items 2.1-2.3 chemisorption of atomic hydrogen on graphene membranes [3][4][5] may be related to model "F*" [14,16,[18][19][20][21], which is relevant to chemisorption of a single hydrogen atom on one of the carbon atoms possessing of 3 unoccupied (by hydrogen) nearest carbons, but not two hydrogen atoms on two carbons, as seen in model "F" (Fig. 1).…”

“…experimental single-internal-side hydrogenated graphene nanoblisters possessing of a very high Young's modulus (with intercalated into them H 2 gas of a high pressure) formed on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) or epitaxial graphene under the definite atomic hydrogen treatment ( [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]); 7). experimental hydrogenated graphite nanofibers possessing of a high Young's modulus (with intercalated into them solid H 2 ) that is relevante to the problem of the hydrogen on-board storage [18][19][20][21].…”

“…Obviously, this is some specific sp 3 -like hybridization. Such model is taken into further consideration in this analytical study [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”