Analytical predictive capabilities of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for plastic classification

Unnikrishnan, V. K.; Choudhari, K.S.; Kulkarni, Suresh D.; Nayak, Rajesh; Kartha, V. B.; Chidangil, Santhosh

doi:10.1039/c3ra44946g

Cited by 138 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The results from the PCA already indicate that the broadband LIBS emission spectra may be able to serve as a kind of 'classicatory tool' to determine and quantify the extent of the matrix effect during LA-ICP-MS and LIBS analyses. The possibility of the classication of polymers is well in line with the results reported earlier by Grégoire et al 21 and Unnikrishnan et al 22 …”

Section: Principal Component Analysis For Polymer Classicationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Metal analysis in polymers using tandem LA-ICP-MS/LIBS: eliminating matrix effects using multivariate calibration

Bonta

Limbeck

2018

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Nowadays, metal analysis in polymers is experiencing growing interest due to increased environmental regulations and the need for sustainable polymer recycling strategies. Quick and reliable analyses are required to fulfill the demands of today's industry. Due to the high chemical inertness of most polymers, traditional solution-based analysis is often not an option and solid-sampling techniques such as Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) have to be employed as an alternative. These, however, are typically prone to matrix effects and for each polymer type a separate reference material with known concentration may be required -an approach which is obviously not suitable if the polymer type is not even known. To overcome these difficulties, a tandem LA-ICP-MS/LIBS procedure coupled with statistical analysis has been used in this study. LIBS is known to be especially prone to matrix effects -which has been used as a benefit here. Complete broadband LIBS spectra with a wealth of information have been used as signatures for the investigated polymer types (polyimide, polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinylpyrrolidone) to serve the purpose of reducing matrix effects. While LIBS allowed the detection of alkali metals and alkali earth metals even at lower concentrations, LA-ICP-MS was used simultaneously for the analysis of other trace metals in the mg g À1 regime. Na, Sr, Co, In, and Pt were used as exemplary analytes at concentrations ranging from as low as 0.1 mg g À1 up to 300 mg g À1. Using the combined dataset of all three polymer types (in total 23 samples), multivariate calibration models could be constructed for all elements of interest.Validation was performed using a set of 22 external samples showing relative average deviations from their actual elemental content of 4.4%, but not more than 9.6%.

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Section: Principal Component Analysis For Polymer Classicationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Metal analysis in polymers using tandem LA-ICP-MS/LIBS: eliminating matrix effects using multivariate calibration

Bonta

Limbeck

2018

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…In the field of plastic recycling [58,59], the results of classification of polymer samples after LIBS analysis have been presented through several figures of merit given in Table 2. The authors presented two relevant statistical parameters, namely the Mahalanobis distance (or M-distance) and the spectral residual, i.e.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good practices in LIBS analysis: Review and advices

Haddad

Canioni

Bousquet

2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

264

109

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International audienceThis paper presents a review on the analytical results obtained by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In the first part, results on identification and classification of samples are presented including the risk of misclas-sification, and in the second part, results on concentration measurement based on calibration are accompanied with significant figures of merit including the concept of accuracy. Both univariate and multivariate approaches are discussed with special emphasis on the methodology, the way of presenting the results and the assessment of the methods. Finally, good practices are proposed for both classification and concentration measurement

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“…Choi et al [16] proposed gravity separation based on air or centrifugal force. Although, the most studied techniques are Routes for the management of the plastic wastes: from the sorting to the recycling related with spectroscopy, laser [17], Raman [18], infrared [19] or fluorescence [9], FT-Raman has been proved to be the most rapid and selective technique to recognise the most usual polymers. But generally, the combination of different analytical techniques is required to sort perfectly the polymers from the plastic waste streams.…”

Section: Plastic Waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene Wastes: Threat or Opportunity?

Gutiérrez

Haro

Garcı́a

et al. 2014

Environment, Energy and Climate Change I

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The recycling of polystyrene (PS) wastes could be considered even economically feasible if, apart from the intrinsic environmental benefits, the wastes are transformed into high-added value products with enhanced properties. In this work, the development of an integral recycling process for polystyrene wastes by means of a new and cost-effective alternative to traditional plastic recycling techniques has been proposed. The methodology consists of the selective dissolution of the plastic wastes with suitable natural solvents (terpene oils) to get a volume reduction without degradation of the polymer chains. The employment of a natural solvent for the treatment of polystyrene wastes transforms the process in an environmentally friendly technology. High pressure CO 2 is proposed to perform the solvent removal in order to avoid the formation of undesirable by-products and to improve the quality of the recycled plastic, since it acts as a physical foaming agent. The use of CO 2 is very attractive because it makes the polymer-solvent separation easier, improves the mass transfer into the highly swelled polymer bulk and allows the tuning of the final properties of the recovered PS. A controlled foaming of the polystyrene-solvent mixtures can be easily carried out at moderate temperatures and pressures by exploiting the advantages that provide the recycling with a natural solvent, obtaining completely free of solvent PS foams. Adjusting the

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Analytical predictive capabilities of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for plastic classification

Cited by 138 publications

References 28 publications

Metal analysis in polymers using tandem LA-ICP-MS/LIBS: eliminating matrix effects using multivariate calibration

Metal analysis in polymers using tandem LA-ICP-MS/LIBS: eliminating matrix effects using multivariate calibration

Good practices in LIBS analysis: Review and advices

Polystyrene Wastes: Threat or Opportunity?

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