Analytical parameterization of canopy directional emissivity and directional radiance in the thermal infrared. Application on the retrieval of soil and foliage temperatures using two directional measurements
“…(5) Norman, 1997, 1999;Francois et al, 1997;Chehbouni et al, 2001;Merlin and Chehbouni, 2004). View angle effects are, however, most pronounced for sparse canopies, where a change in view angle will cause a large difference in the fraction of soil and vegetation within the footprint of the radiometer, and while the view-angle approach has proven useful when using ground-based measurements, only one viewing angle is usually available for satellite images.…”
Section: Distributed Evaluation Against Latent Heat Fluxesmentioning
Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the different types of energy-based land-surface models (LSMs) and discuss some of the new possibilities that will arise when energy-based LSMs are combined with distributed hydrological modelling. We choose to focus on energy-based approaches, because in comparison to the traditional potential evapotranspiration models, these approaches allow for a stronger link to remote sensing and atmospheric modelling. New opportunities for evaluation of distributed land-surface models through application of remote sensing are discussed in detail, and the difficulties inherent in various evaluation procedures are presented. Finally, the dynamic coupling of hydrological and atmospheric models is explored, and the perspectives of such efforts are discussed.
“…(5) Norman, 1997, 1999;Francois et al, 1997;Chehbouni et al, 2001;Merlin and Chehbouni, 2004). View angle effects are, however, most pronounced for sparse canopies, where a change in view angle will cause a large difference in the fraction of soil and vegetation within the footprint of the radiometer, and while the view-angle approach has proven useful when using ground-based measurements, only one viewing angle is usually available for satellite images.…”
Section: Distributed Evaluation Against Latent Heat Fluxesmentioning
Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the different types of energy-based land-surface models (LSMs) and discuss some of the new possibilities that will arise when energy-based LSMs are combined with distributed hydrological modelling. We choose to focus on energy-based approaches, because in comparison to the traditional potential evapotranspiration models, these approaches allow for a stronger link to remote sensing and atmospheric modelling. New opportunities for evaluation of distributed land-surface models through application of remote sensing are discussed in detail, and the difficulties inherent in various evaluation procedures are presented. Finally, the dynamic coupling of hydrological and atmospheric models is explored, and the perspectives of such efforts are discussed.
“…where M represents the hemispheric average gap frequency [21]; and α is the cavity effect coefficient. According to Ren et al [33], this value can be estimated using the 4SAIL model.…”
Section: Component Effective Emissivitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous efforts have been directed toward inverting component temperatures using both experimental and satellite-borne multi-angle datasets [16][17][18][19]. Many directional algorithms have been proposed based on radiative transfer models (RTMs), such as the geometric model proposed by Kimes et al [20] for row-planted crops and the analytical RTM known as FR97 proposed by Francois et al [21] for homogenous canopies. Using these RTMs, the temperatures of surface sunlit and shaded areas and their vertical distributions can be inverted.…”
Abstract:The inversion of land surface component temperatures is an essential source of information for mapping heat fluxes and the angular normalization of thermal infrared (TIR) observations. Leaf and soil temperatures can be retrieved using multiple-view-angle TIR observations. In a satellite-scale pixel, the clumping effect of vegetation is usually present, but it is not completely considered during the inversion process. Therefore, we introduced a simple inversion procedure that uses gap frequency with a clumping index (GCI) for leaf and soil temperatures over both crop and forest canopies. Simulated datasets corresponding to turbid vegetation, regularly planted crops and randomly distributed forest were generated using a radiosity model and were used to test the proposed inversion algorithm. The results indicated that the GCI algorithm performed well for both crop and forest canopies, with root mean squared errors of less than 1.0 • C against simulated values. The proposed inversion algorithm was also validated using measured datasets over orchard, maize and wheat canopies. Similar results were achieved, demonstrating that using the clumping index can improve inversion results. In all evaluations, we recommend using the GCI algorithm as a foundation for future satellite-based applications due to its straightforward form and robust performance for both crop and forest canopies using the vegetation clumping index.
“…We have derived the component temperatures under the limiting-cases, from which we simulated the radiometric surface temperature under the limiting cases, T r,dry , T r,wet , andT r,trans using a directional thermal infrared radiative transfer model of the canopy. In this study, the model proposed by François (1997) was used to simulate directional radiometric surface temperatures. In the simulation, the observing zenith angle takes the actual angle in the field measurement of T r , and the soil and foliage emissivity takes the value of 0.94 and 0.98 following François (1997) and François (2002).…”
Section: Parameterization Scheme Based On Limiting Casesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, the model proposed by François (1997) was used to simulate directional radiometric surface temperatures. In the simulation, the observing zenith angle takes the actual angle in the field measurement of T r , and the soil and foliage emissivity takes the value of 0.94 and 0.98 following François (1997) and François (2002). So the actual heat fluxes can be derived based on the comparison between the actual surface temperature and the simulated surface temperature under the limiting-cases.…”
Section: Parameterization Scheme Based On Limiting Casesmentioning
Abstract.A Two-layer Surface Energy Balance Parameterization Scheme (TSEBPS) is proposed for the estimation of surface heat fluxes using Thermal Infrared (TIR) data over sparsely vegetated surfaces. TSEBPS is based on the theory of the classical two-layer energy balance model, as well as a set of new formulations derived from assumption of the energy balance at limiting cases. Two experimental data sets are used to assess the reliabilities of TSEBPS. Based on these case studies, TSEBPS has proven to be capable of estimating heat fluxes at vegetation surfaces with acceptable accuracy. The uncertainties in the estimated heat fluxes are comparable to in-situ measurement uncertainties.
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