Analytical modeling of the transient ablation of a 3D C/C composite

Lachaud, Jean; Aspa, Yvan; Vignoles, Gérard L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.130

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…This can be done with experimental set-ups allowing higher sublimation rate or longer sample exposures and is the objective of future work. Moreover testing individual 3D C f /C components in sublimation conditions, as has already been done for oxidation [41,45] is necessary to feed microscopic sublimation models and to improve accuracy of TPS ablation prediction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-flux sublimation of a 3D carbon/carbon composite: Surface roughness patterns

Levet

Lachaud

Ducamp

et al. 2021

Carbon

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3D carbon-fibre reinforced carbon composites (3D C f /C) are used as thermal protection systems for atmospheric re-entry, where they are exposed to strong ablation. Particularly, sublimation of the carbonaceous material plays an important role during the re entry. To study this, an arc image furnace under controlled Argon flow is used, with heat fluxes of 8 MW m −2 to 10 MW m −2 . The furnace and the sample thermal response have been numerically simulated prior to the experiments and match in-situ temperature measurements. Scanning electron microscopy and 3D profilometry with digital optical microscopy were used in order to characterise the epi-macro-structural and the epi-micro-structural roughness of the composite surface, evidencing a faster recession of the fibres as compared to the matrix. Carbon nanotextures have been assessed by using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Polarised Light Optical Microscopy, showing that the matrix is more organised than the fibre.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 and Figs. 10 and 11 of [41]). Here it has a foamy, mushy structure, with pores of approximately tens of nanometers in size.…”

Section: Relations Between Carbon Organisation and Ablated Surface Featuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

High-flux sublimation of a 3D carbon/carbon composite: Surface roughness patterns

Levet

Lachaud

Ducamp

et al. 2021

Carbon

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“…After the exposure, the pyrocarbon matrix and the fiber bundles were oxidized from outside into inside. Because the oxidation velocity of matrix was higher, 34 the fiber bundles of the outside were exposed as shown in Figure 10. Due to the different oxidation histories, the in-plane compressive strength and the modulus were affected to different degrees.…”

Section: Residual Compression Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term oxidation and residual compression properties of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites

Han,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Composite Materials

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Needle-punched carbon/carbon (NP C/C) composite is widely used in rocket-engine nozzles and re-entry vehicles. Recyclable technology expedited the research on repeated oxidation and residual mechaincal properties of thermal-protection materials. In this study, the critical longitudinal compression strengths before and after oxidation are derived based on the Timoshenko beam theory. Three repetitions of short-term oxidation cycles and compression experiments are investigated. The average oxidation rate of this composite was 5∼6% in 10 min and kept linear increase. In-plane and out-of-plane compressive strengths of NP C/C composite diminish quasi-linearly due to oxidation at 1000°C, with their moduli decreasing in a periodically slow-sharp pattern. After three oxidation cycles, the levels of residual in-plane modulus and strength were 55.20% and 56.89%, respectively, while the resudual out-of-plane modulus and strength were 44.65% and 47.23%, respectively. The results showed that the material exhibited the pesudo-plastical behaviour after oxidation, cracks grew along the punched conical structures formed by the punching technology. In-plane and out-of-plane modulus were more sensitive than their strengths after first oxidation cycle.

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“…This leads to near-surface regions with large pore scales of the order of the FiberForm pore scale and needling of fibers (Figure 1b). Needle formation for carbon/carbon ablators is discussed and modeled by Lachaud et al (2017a).…”

Section: Ablation Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Mechanics in Ablative Thermal Protection Systems

Mansour,

Panerai,

Lachaud

et al. 2024

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Ablative thermal protection systems have experienced renewed interest in the past decade owing to the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet and the US presidential mandate to develop technologies that enable humans to explore space beyond low Earth orbit. Blunt body architecture for spacecraft and the use of ablators for thermal protection systems returned as the primary choice in mission planning. This review addresses current progress in modernizing predictive tools for ablative material response. Current theory development leverages progress made in the theory of flows in porous media. This development, combined with progress in experimental techniques and high-end computing, is enabling the development of 3D macroscale models with realistic closure coefficients derived from direct numerical simulations of 3D microscale geometries of actual materials. While flight data quantifying ablative material response remain sparse, the next decade will be one of exploration in which heatshield instrumented spacecraft will provide crucial flight data for refining and validating closure models.

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Analytical modeling of the transient ablation of a 3D C/C composite

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

High-flux sublimation of a 3D carbon/carbon composite: Surface roughness patterns

High-flux sublimation of a 3D carbon/carbon composite: Surface roughness patterns

Short-term oxidation and residual compression properties of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites

Flow Mechanics in Ablative Thermal Protection Systems

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