Analytical methods for the determination of persistent ingredients of personal care products in environmental matrices

Peck, Aaron M.

doi:10.1007/s00216-006-0728-3

Cited by 237 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…A comparison of the recovery values obtained with Strata-X and C 18 showed that the former was clearly superior due its ability to adsorb polar and apolar moieties present in the PCP molecules [8,22,24].…”

Section: Strata-x Sorbentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that some volatile compounds could be lost in the evaporation step and thus result in very low (a 30%) recovery [8].…”

Section: The Effect Of Evaporation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the SPE procedure can be significantly improved by using an SPE vacuum manifold where the elution flow rate can be carefully controlled by means of a positive pressure to enhance the reliability of the results obtained [8,12]. The effect of elution flow rate on the analyte recovery was tested, two different flow rate conditions were investigated by controlling vacuum: a pressure of about -10 KPa for slow flow rate and -50 KPa for the high speed procedure.…”

Section: The Effect Of the Elution Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the lower flow rate obtained in -10 KPa vacuum was selected as the best operative condition and applied in the following part of the study. To set up a SPE procedure suitable for all the studied PCPs, a C 18 cartridge was first investigated as a universal sorbent whose retention mechanism is primarily governed by hydrophobic interactions [8,12]. On the basis of the published data, different solvents displaying increasing elution strengths were selected for eluting the sample, pure MeOH, pure ethyl acetate (EA), and a combination of dichloromethane (DM/MeOH) with different compositions: 50:50, 30:70, and 70:30 v/v, respectively.…”

Section: The Effect Of the Elution Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preliminary results (Tables 2 -3) were obtained by eluting samples with the conventional solvent volumes of 3 mL for C 18 cartridge and 10 mL for Strata-X, as reported in the literature and in compliance with customer suggestions [8,11]. For the Strata-X cartridge, the effect of the eluent volume was evaluated for the solvents: EA, ACN and the EA/DM (50:50) mixture.…”

Section: The Effect Of Elution Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal processing to evaluate parameters affecting SPE for multi‐residue analysis of personal care products

Pietrogrande

Basaglia

Dondi

2009

J of Separation Science

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Original PaperSignal processing to evaluate parameters affecting SPE for multi-residue analysis of personal care products This paper discusses the development of a comprehensive method for the simultaneous analysis of personal care products (PCPs) based on SPE and GC-MS. The method was developed on 29 target compounds to represent PCPs belonging to different chemical classes: surfactants in detergents (alkyl benzenes), fragrances in cosmetics (nitro and polycyclic musks), antioxidants and preservatives (phenols), plasticizers (phthalates) displaying a wide range of volatility, polarity, water solubility. In addition to the conventional C 18 stationary phase, a surface modified styrene divinylbenzene polymeric phase (Strata TM X SPE cartridge) has been investigated as suitable for the simultaneous extraction of several PCPs with polar and non-polar characteristics. For both sorbents different solvent compositions and eluting conditions were tested and compared in order to achieve high extraction efficiency for as many sample components as possible. Comparison of the behavior of the two cartridges reveals that, overall, Strata-X provides better efficiency with extraction recovery higher than 70% for most of the PCPs investigated. The best results were obtained under the following operative conditions: an evaporation temperature of 408C, elution on Strata-X cartridge using a volume of 15 mL of ethyl acetate (EA) as solvent and operating with slow flow rate (-10 KPa). In addition to the conventional method based on peak integration, a chemometric approach based on the computation of the experimental autocovariance function (EACVF tot ) was applied to the complex GC-MS signal: the percentage recovery and information on peak abundance distribution can be evaluated for each procedure step. The PC-based signal processing proved very helpful in assisting the development of the analytical procedure, since it saves labor and time and increases result reliability in handling GC complex signals.

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Section: Strata-x Sorbentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that some volatile compounds could be lost in the evaporation step and thus result in very low (a 30%) recovery [8].…”

Section: The Effect Of Evaporation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of the Elution Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of the Elution Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Elution Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal processing to evaluate parameters affecting SPE for multi‐residue analysis of personal care products

Pietrogrande

Basaglia

Dondi

2009

J of Separation Science

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A 3-D hydrologic transport model of a water recharge system using carbamazepine and chloride as tracers

Rona¹,

Gasser

Negev

et al. 2014

Water Resour. Res.

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Wastewater recharge facilities are often used as a final water treatment before the discharge to the sea or before water reclamation. These facilities are often located in active aquifers that supply drinking water. Thus, leakage from the water recharge facility and gradual expansion of the underground wastewater plume are of considerable health concern. Hydrological modeling of water recharge systems are widely used as operational and predictive tools. These models rely on distributed water head monitoring and at least one chemical or physical tracer to model solutes' transport. Refractory micropollutants have proven useful in qualitative identification of pollution leakages and for quantification of pollution to a specific site near water recharge facilities. However, their usefulness as tracers for hydrological modeling is still questionable. In this article, we describe a long term, 3-D hydraulic model of a large-scale wastewater effluents recharge system in which a combination of chloride and a refractory micropollutant, carbamazepine is used to trace the solute transport. The combination of the two tracers provides the model with the benefits of the high specificity of the carbamazepine and the extensive historic data base that is available for chloride. The model predicts westward expansion of the pollution plume, whereas a standing front is formed at the east. These trends can be confirmed by the time trace of the carbamazepine concentrations at specific locations. We show that the combination of two tracers accounts better (at least at some locations) for the evolution of the pollution plume than a model based on chloride or carbamazepine alone.

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Pressurized Fluid Extraction

Dean

2010

Handbook of Sample Preparation

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Analytical methods for the determination of persistent ingredients of personal care products in environmental matrices

Cited by 237 publications

References 156 publications

Signal processing to evaluate parameters affecting SPE for multi‐residue analysis of personal care products

Signal processing to evaluate parameters affecting SPE for multi‐residue analysis of personal care products

A 3-D hydrologic transport model of a water recharge system using carbamazepine and chloride as tracers

Pressurized Fluid Extraction

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