Analytical methods for the characterization and determination of nonionic surfactants in cosmetics and environmental matrices

Beneito‐Cambra, Miriam; Herrero‐Martínez, José Manuel; Ramis‐Ramos, Guillermo

doi:10.1039/c2ay25847a

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…The molecular structure of surfactants and their unusual properties leads to both widespread and highly specialized applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Surfactant micellar media can increase the solubility of the substances poorly soluble in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of micelle nature and concentration on the acid dissociation constants of the metal extractor PADA

Aydınoğlu¹,

Biver²,

Secco³

et al. 2014

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of micelle nature and concentration on the acid dissociation constants of the metal extractor PADA

Aydınoğlu¹,

Biver²,

Secco³

et al. 2014

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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“…Due to their neutral behavior, nonionic surfactants are none or less toxic than ionic surfactants and hence find use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food products. [7][8][9] They can also be used as wetting agents, emulsifiers and detergents. 10,11 Nowadays nonionic surfactants are in constant use in different varieties of domestic and industrial products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and pH Dependent Electrochemical Fate of Two Non-Ionic Surfactants

Munir

Ullah

Shah

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Two new nonionic surfactants; 1-sec-butyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea (DTU) and 1-dodecanoyl-3-phenylthiourea (DPTU) were synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The detailed electrochemical fate of DTU and DPTU was investigated in a wide pH range of 2-12 by employing three electroanalytical techniques. The voltammetric signatures of the analytes showed a single irreversible anodic peak followed by two reversible peaks of the oxidation product. The irreversible behavior of the oxidation process was witnessed by the unequal components of total current in square wave voltammetry and scan rate based deviation of peak potential. The involvement of protons accompanying the electron transfer processes was ascertained from peak potential versus pH plots. Critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the synthesized surfactants were determined for the assessment of their cleaning, wetting and emulsifying properties. Some detergents and surfactants have been restricted and prohibited in the developed countries due to adverse environmental consequences. The manufacturers are now trying to synthesize environmentally friendly surfactants according to the environmental protection laws.1,2 With these facts in mind, we synthesized thiourea based surfactants which are expected to increase the fertility of the soil if their washed water is directed toward agricultural fields.Surfactants are classified as ionics, nonionics and zwitter-ionics. The demand and consumption of ionic surfactants were greater than nonionics in the mid of 19 century but now the market share of nonionic surfactants has reached to 40% of the total worldwide surfactants production. Nonionic surfactants excel other types due to their neutral behavior, compatibility with ionic surfactants and capability of forming complex mixtures as found in many commercial products. 3,4 Nonionic surfactants are used as excellent solubilizing agents due to their very low critical micelle concentration. 5,6 Such surfactants can work even in hard water as they do not yield ions in aqueous solution and hence, less or almost insensitive to electrolytes. Due to their neutral behavior, nonionic surfactants are none or less toxic than ionic surfactants and hence find use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food products.7-9 They can also be used as wetting agents, emulsifiers and detergents.10,11 Nowadays nonionic surfactants are in constant use in different varieties of domestic and industrial products. 12,13 Prompted by the peculiar characteristics of non-ionic surfactants such as very low critical micelle concentration, insensitivity to hard water, no or low toxicity, low cost and compatibility with ionic surfactants, we synthesized and spectroscopically characterized more effective candidates of this class in high yield using the protocol reported in our recent article.14 Moreover, the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur donor atoms of thiourea derivatives provide a multitude of bonding possibilities. 15 Hence, the excellent me...

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“…Surfactants decrease the surface tension between aqueous and non-aqueous liquids. By releasing EPS from sludge, surfactants could also alter cell structures and thus affect the properties of the sludge [8]. Flocculants are widely used to improve sludge dewatering through physical and chemical conditioning processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved sludge dewaterability by combining SDS pre-treatment conditioning with PDMDAAC flocculation

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Wastewater treatment generates considerable amounts of sludge. Reducing sludge volume by dewatering is an important part of many wastewater treatment processes. We investigated the effects of a combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) on anaerobically digested sludge dewaterability. Capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were measured as indicators of sludge dewaterability. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content, particle size, zeta potential, and bound water in sludge floc were also measured. We found that CST increased from 348.5 to 530.5 s as the SDS dosage increased. However, with a dose 0.03 g g-1 DS PDMDAAC only, SRF and CST were 3.78 × 10 12 m kg-1 and 79.2 s; with a combined dose of 0.025 g g-1 DS SDS and 0.03 g g-1 DS PDMDAAC, SRF and CST decreased to 3.21 × 10 12 m kg-1 and 68.7 s. These results indicate that above a certain dose, SDS reduces sludge dewaterability and that an optimum dose of SDS in sludge pre-treatment would improve subsequent PDMDAAC conditioning. Sludge conditioned with a combination of SDS and PDMDAAC increases dewaterability more than conditioned with SDS only or PDMDAAC only. Freeing EPS-bound water with SDS followed by re-flocculation using PDMDAAC gave improvement in sludge dewaterability.

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Analytical methods for the characterization and determination of nonionic surfactants in cosmetics and environmental matrices

Cited by 21 publications

References 134 publications

Effects of micelle nature and concentration on the acid dissociation constants of the metal extractor PADA

Effects of micelle nature and concentration on the acid dissociation constants of the metal extractor PADA

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and pH Dependent Electrochemical Fate of Two Non-Ionic Surfactants

Improved sludge dewaterability by combining SDS pre-treatment conditioning with PDMDAAC flocculation

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