Analytical Methods for Metallothionein Detection

Ryvolová, Markéta; Křížková, Soňa; Adam, Vojtěch; Beklová, Miroslava; Trnková, Libuše; Hubálek, Jaromír; Kizek, René

doi:10.2174/1573411011107030243

Cited by 97 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 254 publications

(266 reference statements)

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“…For these purposes, numerous analytical and biochemical methods are used [32,33], whereas the electrochemical ones seem to be the most sensitive [33][34][35]. Nevertheless, the tissue distribution can be well detected by immunohistochemistry, which was based for performing meta-analysis of metallothionein as an immunohistochemical marker of cancer [36].…”

Section: Metallothionein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray analysis of metallothioneins in human diseases—A review

Křížková

Kępińska

Emri

et al. 2016

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 Microarray analysis of metallothioneins in human diseases AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs), low molecular mass cysteine-rich proteins, which are able to bind up to 20 monovalent and up to 7 divalent heavy metal ions are widely studied due to their functions in detoxification of metals, scavenging free radicals and cells protection against the oxidative stress. It was found that the loss of the protective effects of MT leads to an escalation of pathogenic processes and carcinogenesis. 3The most extensive area is MTs expression for oncological applications, where the information about gene patterns is helpful for the identification biological function, resistance to drugs and creating the correct chemotherapy. In other medical applications the effect of oxidative stress to cell lines exposed to heavy metals and hydrogen peroxide is studied as well as influence of drugs and cytokines on MTs expression and MTs expression in the adiposetissue. The precise detection of low metallothionein concentrations and its isoforms is necessary to understand the connection between quantity and isoforms of MTs to size, localization and type of cancer. This information is necessary for well-timed therapy and increase the chance to survival. Microarray chips appear as good possibility for finding all information about expression of MTs genes and isoforms not only in cancer, but also in other diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, ageing, osteoporosis, psychiatric disorders and as the effects of toxic drugs and pollutants, which is discussed in this review. List of abbreviations:HCC -hepatocellular carcinoma, HFD -high fat diet, MMP -matrix metalloproteinase, MT -metallothionein, MTF -metal transcription factor, MRE -metal responsive element, ROS -reactive oxygen species.

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Section: Metallothionein Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray analysis of metallothioneins in human diseases—A review

Křížková

Kępińska

Emri

et al. 2016

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…Moreover, MREs is able to interact with many proteins, which can regulate MT expression (Miles et al, 2000). The chemicals producing free radicals as well as various organic solvents, such as ethanol (Waalkes et al, 1984), chloroform and alkylation agents can also induce the expression of MT (Ryvolova et al, 2011). It has been reported that the highest levels of MT expression is shown in the late G1 phase and during entering the S phase.…”

Section: Gene Regulation Of Mtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, due to the increased metal binding capacity, MT has been suggested as a biomarker of both environmental and biological monitoring reflecting exposure to metal (Ryvolova et al, 2011). Since MT is present in most tissues and cell types, it is generally considered as a "house keeping" protein.…”

Section: Classification Of Mtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallothionein: An Overview on its Metal Homeostatic Regulation in Mammals

Sakulsak

2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY: Metallothionein (MT) is a ubiquitous protein with a low molecular weight of 6-7 kDa weight and it was first identified in the kidney cortex of equines as a cadmium (Cd)-binding protein responsible for the natural accumulation of Cd in the tissue. The mammalian MT contains 61 to 68 amino acid residues, in which 18 to 23 cysteine residues are present. The expression of MT starts by binding of metal transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) to the regulative region of MT gene called metal responsive elements (MREs). The induction of MT through the MREs region can be initiated by several metal ions such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and Cd. However, Zn is the only heavy metal which can reversibly and directly activate the DNA-binding activity of MTF-1. In mammals four types of MT are expressed and they are termed metallothionein-1 (MT1), metallothionein-2 (MT2), metallothionein-3 (MT3), and metallothionein-4 (MT4). MT1 and MT2 are expressed in almost all tissues while MT3 and MT4 are tissue-specific. MT is a key compound involved in the intracellular handling of a variety of essential and nonessential post-transitional metal ions. In order to the heavy metal binding ability of MT, it is suggested to play roles both in the intracellular fixation of essential trace elements Zn and Cu, in controlling the concentrations, and in neutralizing the harmful influences of exposure to toxic elements.

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“…It has been recently demonstrated that metallothioneins play an important role in the development and progression of some tumour diseases (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Enhanced levels of MT in tumour cells are probably closely connected with cell proliferation (43,44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caveolin-1 as a potential high-risk prostate cancer biomarker

Gumulec

Sochor²,

Hlavna³

et al. 2011

Oncol Rep

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Abstract. Current diagnostic techniques of prostate cancer cannot efficiently distinguish the latent and low-risk forms from the high-risk significant forms of prostate cancer. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), except other functions, plays an important role in cell transformation and the process of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, Cav-1 is involved in metastatic processes. It has also been shown that Cav-1 expression is induced under stress conditions, such as oxidative stress. The present study focused on the determination of prognostic markers of aggressive (high-grade) forms of prostate cancer. We determined serum Cav-1 and serum markers of antioxidant activity-glutathione (GSH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), N,N-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene (DMPD), free radicals method (FRK) and blue chromium peroxide (Cro) in 97 serum samples (82 prostate cancer patients and 15 controls). We found insignificant differences in Cav-1 between the sera of patients and controls (5.69 in the cancer group vs. 5.42 ng/ml in the control group). However, we found a significant (p<0.004) 2.8-fold elevation of Cav-1 in high tumour stages (TNM T4) compared to lower stages and a significant positive association with histological grading (r= 0.29, p= 0.028). We also found that in patients with high serum Cav-1 the antioxidant capacity of the body is reduced. These findings indicate that Cav-1 may be an interesting tool for the prediction of disease burden.

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Analytical Methods for Metallothionein Detection

Cited by 97 publications

References 254 publications

Microarray analysis of metallothioneins in human diseases—A review

Microarray analysis of metallothioneins in human diseases—A review

Metallothionein: An Overview on its Metal Homeostatic Regulation in Mammals

Caveolin-1 as a potential high-risk prostate cancer biomarker

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