Analytical methods for assessing antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials in complex media: advances, challenges, and perspectives

Abstract

Assessing the antimicrobial activity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), especially in realistic scenarios, is of great significance for both basic research and applications. Multiple analytical methods are available for analysis via off-line or on-line measurements. Real-world samples are often complex with inorganic and organic components, which complicates the measurements of microbial viability and/or metabolic activity. This article highlights the recent advances achieved in analytical methods including typical applications and specifics regarding their accuracy, cost, efficiency, and user-friendliness. Methodological drawbacks, technique gaps, and future perspectives are also discussed. This review aims to help researchers select suitable methods for gaining insight into antimicrobial activities of targeted ENMs in artificial and natural complex matrices.

A 30-Year Review on Nanocomposites: Comprehensive Bibliometric Insights into Microstructural, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties Assisted by Artificial Intelligence

“…Enhancing mechanical [22,36,40,41,60,67,70,, electrical [21,27,[30][31][32]35,42,55,59,120,, and microstructural [19,53,63,68,118, attributes in nanocomposites requires precise nanoscale manipulation. This is coupled with issues like reproducibility, cost, and complexity in preparation, adding to the intricacies of nanomaterial research [231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250]. As nanotechnology evolves, addressing these technical and ethical issues is crucial for maximizing the potential of nanomaterials and ensuring their responsible application in various fields [277][278][279][280].…”