Analytical Methods

Bergna, Horacio E.

doi:10.1201/9781420028706-81

Cited by 62 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…The first colloidal particles observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) are around 3 nm, which are comparable to the values of 4 nm measured by TEM, which in turn are also in line with the values obtained by others researchers. 2 , 3 , 10 , 18 , 30 − 35 The measured particles by TEM are slightly larger because the samples were taken at the end of the experiment, having more time for the particles to age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Polymerization, and Assembly of Nanosilica Particles below the Isoelectric Point

et al. 2017

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The particle growth of silica below the isoelectric point plays a key role in oil well cements, production of silica gels and production of nanosilica by dissolving silicates. In this article, we study the particle growth of silica below the isoelectric point using olivine, a silicate mineral, and sodium silicate solutions as silica sources in acid, where the particle size, soluble silica concentration, specific surface area and gelling time were measured. The size of the primary particles detected by laser light scattering is 3 nm in the experiments with sodium silicate solutions. These particles grow then by aggregation forming linear chains which in time will start to branch. The particle growth follows a quadratic polynomial function and particles as large as 100 and 500 nm are detected in the final stages of experiments using sodium silica solutions and olivine, respectively. Based on these findings, a comprehensive model describing the silica particle development below the isoelectric point is proposed. This model gives fundamental information about the growth mechanism and the properties of silica (e.g., particle size of the primary particles, size of the aggregates) at the different growth stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Polymerization, and Assembly of Nanosilica Particles below the Isoelectric Point

et al. 2017

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“…Silica sols (also called “colloidal silica”) are manufactured on the industrial scale by acidification of waterglass (aqueous solutions of alkali silicates, e.g., Na 2 SiO 3 , Na 4 SiO 4 ). Typically, this neutralization is performed by using ion exchange resins where particle sizes of around 5 to 500 nm in diameter can be realized [ 55 – 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

Bantz¹,

Koshkina²,

Lang³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

125

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SummaryDue to the recent widespread application of nanomaterials to biological systems, a careful consideration of their physiological impact is required. This demands an understanding of the complex processes at the bio–nano interface. Therefore, a comprehensive and accurate characterization of the material under physiological conditions is crucial to correlate the observed biological impact with defined colloidal properties. As promising candidates for biomedical applications, two SiO2-based nanomaterial systems were chosen for extensive size characterization to investigate the agglomeration behavior under physiological conditions. To combine the benefits of different characterization techniques and to compensate for their respective drawbacks, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation were applied. The investigated particle systems were (i) negatively charged silica particles and (ii) poly(organosiloxane) particles offering variable surface modification opportunities (positively charged, polymer coated). It is shown that the surface properties primarily determine the agglomeration state of the particles and therefore their effective size, especially under physiological conditions. Thus, the biological identity of a nanomaterial is clearly influenced by differentiating surface properties.

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“…The partial ionic character in silica is created by the larger covalent radii of the silica and oxygen atom than the bond length of 0.162 nm between Si-O atoms. 57 The important properties of silica with respect to in vivo drug delivery includes the in the presence of aqueous environment its nature of degrading into silicic acid exactly like in vivo conditions, membranes and micro-nano particles can be easily processed using silica, can be used for biosensing (photonic properties) and surface area being very huge such as up to 800 m 2 /g. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64] The various forms in which silica can be used are synthetic silica (prepared by modification of sol-gel chemistry), freshly synthesized silica also.…”

Section: Silicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterial implants in the treatment of oncology: a review

Maanvizhi

Ramamurthy

Athithan³

et al. 2021

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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In globally, cancer is a second leading disease next to cardiovascular diseases in non-communicable diseases, which affect the all ages, sex, social status, ethnicity and primary cause of illness related death. Traditionally, systemic delivery drug systems like chemotherapy via oral capsule, injections of nanoparticles/micro particles, immunotherapy and others, which can inhibit or halt the progression of tumors. The short half-life of drugs which cannot achieve the targeted dose level to the tumor site and not able to target desired cell and commonly produces the organ toxicity. Recently, researchers have been attempting to direct delivery agents for cancer therapy. One of the best methods is a local therapy system, which deliver the drug directly via implantable procedure and it’s achieved the maximum concentration of the desire drug at the tumor site, non-target systemic exposure and minimize the organ toxicity to the patients. Biomaterial implants are widely used in the local concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents, local delivery of poly-chemotherapy, gene therapy as an alternative to drug delivery, scaffolds for cancer immunotherapy and polymer-based composites of drug molecules. There are different types of polymers like poly anhydride poly [bis (p-carboxy-phenoxy) propane-sebacic acid] copolymer [p(CPP:SA)], fatty acid dimer-sebacic acid copolymer (FAD-SA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (glycerol monostearate-co-caprolactone), alginate and silica, used in successively cancer therapy. In order to minimize the risk of unwanted side effect of different types of biomaterials implants, it’s biocompatible to reduce the ability to elicit the inflammatory effect to the implanted area or the site. Therefore, the key role of choosing the appropriate and biocompatible implants to particular therapy is an indispensable. This should be validated with respect to risk benefit ratio in case of cancers. Biomaterial based implant local delivery systems provide more versatile and tailorable approach to against treatment of different types of the cancer.

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Analytical Methods

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis, Polymerization, and Assembly of Nanosilica Particles below the Isoelectric Point

Synthesis, Polymerization, and Assembly of Nanosilica Particles below the Isoelectric Point

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

Biomaterial implants in the treatment of oncology: a review

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