Analytical Methodology for Trace Determination of Propoxur and Fenitrothion Pesticide Residues by Decanoic Acid Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles

Abstract

A sensitive, rapid, reliable, and easily applicable method based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with HPLC-PDA was developed for monitoring propoxur (PRO) and fenitrothion (FEN) pesticides in environmental water samples. The effect of major experimental variables on the extraction efficiency of both the pesticides was investigated and optimized systematically. For this purpose, a new magnetic material containing decanoic acid on the surface of particles was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and TGA analysis in detail. The simultaneous determination of pesticide molecules was carried out by using a Luna Omega C18 column, isocratic elution of acetonitrile (ACN): Water (70:30 v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1. After MSPE, the linear range for pesticide molecules (r2 > 0.9982) was obtained in the range of 5–800 and 10–800 ng mL−1, respectively. The limit of detections (LOD) are 1.43 and 4.71 ng mL−1 for PRO and FEN, respectively while RSDs % are below 3.5%. The applicability of the proposed method in four different environmental samples were also investigated using a standard addition-recovery procedure. Average recoveries at two spiking levels were over the range of 91.3–102.5% with RSD < 5.0% (n = 3). The obtained results show that decanoic acid grafted magnetic particles in MSPE combined with HPLC-PDA is a fast and simple method for the determination of PRO and FEN in environmental water samples.

Production and Characterization of Biotinylated Anti-fenitrothion Nanobodies and Development of Sensitive Fluoroimmunoassay

“…1,2 However, improper and excessive usage of pesticides may cause their residues to remain in agricultural products as well as in soil and water, which may result in pesticide exposure and health risks to human beings. 3,4 Fenitrothion is a kind of broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide widely used for preventing agricultural products from insect pests. 4,5 Many countries and organizations have set up strict maximum residue limits (MRLs) for fenitrothion in vegetables and fruits, including China (0.5 mg/kg), 6 EU (0.01 mg/kg), 7 USA (3.0 mg/kg), 8 and FAO (0.5 mg/kg).…”

“…3,4 Fenitrothion is a kind of broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide widely used for preventing agricultural products from insect pests. 4,5 Many countries and organizations have set up strict maximum residue limits (MRLs) for fenitrothion in vegetables and fruits, including China (0.5 mg/kg), 6 EU (0.01 mg/kg), 7 USA (3.0 mg/kg), 8 and FAO (0.5 mg/kg). 9 Conventionally, instrumental methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC−MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC−MS/MS) have been well employed for the determination of fenitrothion.…”

“…With the growing population and increasing need for agricultural products, widespread usage of pesticides is necessary and inevitable in modern agriculture to ensure crop yield. , However, improper and excessive usage of pesticides may cause their residues to remain in agricultural products as well as in soil and water, which may result in pesticide exposure and health risks to human beings. , Fenitrothion is a kind of broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide widely used for preventing agricultural products from insect pests. , Many countries and organizations have set up strict maximum residue limits (MRLs) for fenitrothion in vegetables and fruits, including China (0.5 mg/kg), EU (0.01 mg/kg), USA (3.0 mg/kg), and FAO (0.5 mg/kg) . Conventionally, instrumental methods including high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC–MS/MS) have been well employed for the determination of fenitrothion .…”

Analytical Chemistry in the 21st Century: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Perspectives of Complex Matrices Quantitative Analyses in Biological/Clinical Field

“…In the extraction procedures applied to address these issues, various materials, coatings, configurations, and approaches have been developed to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and extraction efficiency of the methods (in techniques such as solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE)) towards analytes present, also at the level of traces and ultra-traces. These include the development of selective extraction phases obtained by molecular imprint polymers (MIP) to be used in not only the SPE configuration [13] or SPME, but also magnetic nanomaterials for bulk extractions [14], as also recently reviewed by Sajid [15]. The use of ionic liquids as coating materials that allow modulating the surface chemistry of the device [16] has also been recently investigated.…”

Application of micro-nanostructured magnetite in separating tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane from environmental water by magnetic solid phase extraction

“…Due to high magnetization, they can be easily separated in an external magnetic field. More importantly, their properties, such as water dispersibility, electrostatic properties and stability, are controllable owing to various functional modifications, resulting in efficient and convenient enrichment for organic pollutants [15][16][17][18].…”