Analytical methodology for the electro-catalytic determination of estradiol and progesterone based on graphene quantum dots and poly(sulfosalicylic acid) co-modified electrode

Graphene Quantum Dots Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes as Electroanalytical Sensing Platform for Diethylstilbestrol

“…Citric acid showed vibrations at 2950 cm −1 and below 1350 cm −1 relative to C−H stretching, which can be seen in the GQD spectrum, suggesting the presence of the precursor in the synthesized material. The GQD spectra obtained are quite consistent with those found in the literature and it is possible to observe presence of stretches related to carboxylic and hydroxyl groups, indicating the presence of oxygen groups on the surface of the material, as at 1680 cm −1 (C=O), 1380 cm −1 (C−H), 1590 cm −1 (C=C), 1090 cm −1 (stretching vibration of the CO group) and the band around 3400 cm −1 (−OH) due to intercalated water molecules present in GQDs. Total acid groups could be quantified from Boehm titrations and a value of 3.71 mEq.…”

“…g À1 of GQDs was obtained. [39,40] 3.2 Voltammetric Behavior of DES Figure 2A shows a typical voltammetric profile for DES obtained for both GQD/SPE and SPE.…”

Ionic liquid-supported magnetite nanoparticles as electrode modifier materials for estrogens sensing

“…E2 is the major female hormone with the highest endocrine disrupting activity 6 . It is important for the regulation of the menstrual cycle and for the development of sexual characteristics 7 .…”

“…It is important for the regulation of the menstrual cycle and for the development of sexual characteristics 7 . A deficiency of E2 can lead to diseases such as hyperandrogenism, cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms 6 . However, an excess of this hormone in the human body can cause disorders in the endocrine system, premature puberty in children, abnormality of growth and increased risk of ovarian and breast cancer in women 8 .…”

Carbon-based quantum particles: an electroanalytical and biomedical perspective

“…187 In the same year, Arvand et al fabricated a graphene quantum dots and poly (sulfosalicylic acid) co-modified electrode for the simultaneous detection of estradiol and progesterone, with LOD of 0.23 nM and 0.31 nM, respectively. 188…”