Analytical Method for Routine Quantitative Analysis of Plant Stanols in Stanol Ester Spread.

Shapiro, Kenneth B.; Li, Li; Secor, Candyce A.; Sugano, Michihiro

doi:10.5650/jos.50.153

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…by TLC or SPE, formation of sterol derivatives, and their analysis by capillary gas chromatography (GC). Although official reference methods are not available, there are a few excellent recent review articles [13][14][15] summarizing the analysis of phytosterols as well as original publications [16][17][18] to be recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of sterols from various food matrices

Laakso

2005

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

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Two methods suitable for routine phytostanol/phytosterol analysis of various sterolenriched food matrices and phytostanyl/phytosteryl fatty acid ester ingredients are introduced. A method based on hot saponification of a sample with ethanolic potassium hydroxide in the presence of an internal standard (5b-cholestan-3a-ol) is adequate for most matrices, such as spread, milk and yoghurt. Some matrices, like pasta, require acid hydrolysis in order to release matrix-incorporated bound sterols or sterols from steryl glycosides before the saponification step. After saponification, the unsaponifiable material containing phytostanols and phytosterols is extracted into an organic solvent (e.g. heptane), followed by evaporation of the solvent to dryness. Sterols are separated as their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives with a gas-liquid chromatograph (GC), on a column coated with 5% phenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane, and detected with a flame ionization detector. The GC conditions applied provide efficient separation of the most abundant phytostanols/phytosterols in 15 min, a wide linear range of stanols/sterols without the need of defining sterol response factors. The methods are repeatable and accurate, as shown with standard addition trials. These methods were applied to determine phytostanol/phytosterol contents of several sterolenriched functional food products, and the analyzed amounts were in good accordance with the information provided on the packaging labels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of sterols from various food matrices

Laakso

2005

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

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“…A gas chromatography (GC) method was developed for the identification, separation, and quantification of phytostanols. Methods used by the Food and Agricultural Organization 53 and Shapiro et al 54 were followed to prepare phytostanol samples for GC. The sample preparation steps included saponification with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, liquid-liquid extraction with heptane, and derivatization with BSTFA + 1% TMCS and pyridine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Characterization of Phytostanol Ester Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Management of Hypercholesterolemia: An ex vivo Study

Shrestha¹,

Ghebremeskel²,

White³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Background Phytostanols are naturally occurring compounds that reduce blood cholesterol levels significantly. However, their aqueous insolubility poses formulation challenges. Aim To formulate and characterize solid lipid nanoparticle carriers for phytostanol esters to enhance the bioavailability of phytostanols. Methods Phytostanol ester solid lipid nanoparticles were formulated by the microemulsion method. They were characterized for particle size distribution, polydispersity index, shape, surface charge, entrapment efficiency, stability, chemical structure, and thermal properties. The uptake of the formulation by cell lines, HepG2 and HT-29, and its effect on cell viability were evaluated. Results The formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles was successfully optimised by varying the type of lipids and their concentration relative to that of surfactants in the present study. The optimised formulation had an average diameter of (171 ± 9) nm, a negative surface charge of (−23.0 ± 0.8) mV and was generally spherical in shape. We report high levels of drug entrapment at (89 ± 5)% in amorphous form, drug loading of (9.1 ± 0.5)%, nanoparticle yield of (67 ± 4)% and drug excipient compatibility. The biological safety and uptake of the formulations were demonstrated on hepatic and intestinal cell lines. Conclusion Phytostanol ester solid lipid nanoparticles were successfully formulated and characterized. The formulation has the potential to provide an innovative drug delivery system for phytostanols which reduce cholesterol and have a potentially ideal safety profile. This can contribute to better management of one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

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Analytical Method for Routine Quantitative Analysis of Plant Stanols in Stanol Ester Spread.

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of sterols from various food matrices

Analysis of sterols from various food matrices

Formulation and Characterization of Phytostanol Ester Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Management of Hypercholesterolemia: An ex vivo Study

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