Abstract:The tunnelling effect on a pile-raft foundation is usually studied in either the horizontal or vertical direction separately, while, in practice, the responses of a pile-raft foundation induced by tunnelling in the horizontal and vertical directions occur simultaneously. Typically, a pile-raft foundation is usually loaded by vertical and horizontal loads and moments when a tunnel is constructed. Since little effort has been conducted to evaluate the coupled responses of multidirectionally loaded pile-raft foun… Show more
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