Analytical investigation to achieve the highest phase difference between two orthogonal components of light in lithium niobate based electro-optic system

Enhanced absorption and electrical modulation of graphene based on the parity-time symmetry optical structure

“…In this paper, the TE wave is selected as the incident wave, and its electric field is distributed along the z axis. When the applied electric field direction is along the y axis, the refractive index of the D or C layer can be expressed as [19] n…”