Analytical frameworks to incorporate demand response in long-term resource planning

Merchant transmission planning in smart paradigm with introducing demand response aggregator in wholesale market

“…In this context, DRA as an agent of the retailer is one of the new entities that aggregates DR resources by deployment of advanced-metering infrastructure and provide a single operating profile same as a generator in the wholesale electricity market [3,4]. Although the advantages of DR programs are well understood, aggregation of DR resources in the energy market creates new challenges in the expansion decision problems on supply and demand side [5]. From TransCo's point of view, DR resources not only affect the congestion of lines but also can enhance the network security especially during lines contingencies.…”

“…For the each violation in (27), (28), and (29), the change in demand is set to maximum allowable value. It is noted that the value of curtailed demand, that is, πe, and incentive prices πs, and πc are considered as fixed rates.In the third level, at first, EENSTS is determined using (5), and (6) and TransCo calculates its objective function according to (1). Then, new investment plan is The tri-level interlinked problem based on Figure 2 is established for all investment decision plans, and finally, the best plan is selected by TransCo according to obtained profit for the each plan.…”

Analytical Assessment for System Peak Reduction by Demand Responsive Resources Considering Their Operational Constraints in Wholesale Electricity Market

“…Demand Response resources have great potential in meeting the increasing demand for electricity. Various studies have verified the significance and effectiveness of DR resources and with increasing global attention, the implementation of DR resources is diversifying [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…According to the report of the Korea Energy Economics Institute, the results of analysis of the DR market operation performance show that although the performance has been increasing since the opening of the market, it is necessary to improve the system in order to activate the market [4]. DR can be combined with Unit Commitment (UC) to benefit for both Generating Companies (GENCOs) and customers [5], and the framework was analyzed for integrating DR into long-term resource planning [6]. In addition, DR methods have been studied in connection with other distributed resources such as PHEV, wind power, etc.…”

Exploring the relationship between planning and procurement in Western U.S. electric utilities

“…As more plans were filed and publicly accessible, cross-comparison to extract best practices was also undertaken both in earlier and more recent assessments (Aspen and E3, 2008;Hirst, 1994;Wilkerson et al, 2014;Wilson and Biewald, 2013;Wilson and Peterson, 2011). The literature on IRP has also focused on specific topics within the planning process, such as greenhouse gas regulation (Barbose et al, 2009), treatment of demand side resources (Barbose et al, 2008;Eckman, 2011;Gellings and Smith, 1989;Lamont and Gerhard, 2013;Satchwell and Hledik, 2014), transmission planning (Baldick and Kahn, 1992;Mills et al, 2011), management of uncertainty Wilkerson et al, 2014), load forecast performance (Carvallo et al, 2016), and distributed resources . When assessing actual plans filed by electric utilities, existing research benchmarked them against (1) a normative definition of IRP or (2) among themselves.…”