Analytical equation for outflow along the flow in a perforated fluid distribution pipe

Liu, Huanfang; Zong, Quanli; Hong-xing, LV; Jin, Jin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185842

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…PJ inhibits MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and NF- κ B signaling pathways. Increased activities of these pathways are associated with cellular proliferation and malignancy [ 30 ]. Finally, PJ prevents mutagenic activities by inhibiting benzo[a]pyrene (abundant in CS)-induced DNA adduct formation and decreases markers of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation as well [ 29 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate Juice Prevents the Formation of Lung Nodules Secondary to Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure in an Animal Model

Husari

Hashem

Zaatari

et al. 2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Background Cigarette smoke (CS) induces an oxidative stress, DNA damage, and lung cancer. Pomegranate juice (PJ) possess potent antioxidant activity attributed to its polyphenols. We investigated whether PJ supplementation would prevent the formation of lung nodules, attenuate mitotic activity, and reduce hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression secondary to CS exposure in an animal model. Methods Mice were divided into: Control group, CS group, CS + PJ group, and PJ-only group. CS and CS + PJ were exposed to CS, 5 days per week, for a total of 5 months. Animals were then housed for additional four months. CS + PJ and PJ groups received PJ throughout the experiment period while others received placebo. At the end of the experiment, the incidence of lung nodules was assessed by (1) histological analysis, (2) mitotic activity [measurement of PHH3 antibodies], and (3) measurement of HIF-1α expression. Results The incidence of lung nodules was significantly increased in CS. CS exposure significantly increased PHH3 and HIF-1α expression. PJ supplementation attenuated the formation of lung nodules and reduced PHH3 and HIF-1α expression. Conclusion PJ supplementation significantly decreased the incidence of lung cancer, secondary to CS, prevented the formation of lung nodules, and reduced mitotic activity and HIF-1α expression in an animal model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate Juice Prevents the Formation of Lung Nodules Secondary to Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure in an Animal Model

Husari

Hashem

Zaatari

et al. 2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Liu et al [8] have discussed that the analytical results compared with the experimental values of finding the error percentages that the solutions were consistent with the experimental results. The influencing factors on the pressure distribution along this perforated pipes by the factors friction and momentum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative design and CFD analysis of 3-D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nozzle aerator for discharge reduction

Bejaxhin

Basavaraj²,

Köten

et al. 2022

THERM SCI

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The flow nozzle aerator, which is the part of the water tap made up of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), can be modified entirely with a new design. The curved and cone-shaped slopes are used to improve the smooth flow at uniform velocity. Simultaneously, discharge is optimum by modified interior design. The smooth laminar delivery of water with optimum pressure, the liquid element at the aerator end becomes smooth. The assembled nozzle aerator solid model has been generated before experimentation. This can promote through the prediction by the modern tool ANSIFLUENT and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for finding the flow behavior and its outlet characters. The solid model can be fabricated to prototype for accurate dimensions by using 3D printing technology. Comparing fluid motion with the time consumption of filling water has been done over these different kinds of aerator and nozzle models, which are fabricated by 3-dimensional printing.

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“…The authors of [4], who applied a number of simplifying assumptions and introduced the momentum exchange coefficient, made up a differential equation (3) for the impulse of forces acting on a local branch of the jet at an angle β=90° from the main flow flowing in the pressure distribution pipeline [4]:…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines

Cherniuk

Hnativ

Kravchuk

et al. 2021

EEJET

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Most production technologies require a uniform flow path of liquid from pressure distribution pipelines. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to introduce polymer additives into the liquid flow or to use converging distribution pipelines with a continuous longitudinal slot in the wall. To reduce the uneven operation of the distribution pipeline during discrete liquid dispensing, it is proposed to use cylindrical output rotary nozzles with a lateral orthogonal entry of the jet into the nozzle. The problem is the lack of methods for accurate hydraulic calculation of the operation of distribution pipelines. Adequate calculation methods are based on differential equations. Finding the exact solution of the differential equation of fluid motion with variable path flow rate for perforated distribution pipelines is urgent, because it still does not exist. The available calculation methods take into account only the right angles of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline. These methods are based on the assumption that the coefficient of hydraulic friction and the coefficient of resistance of the outlets are constant along the flow. A calculation method is proposed that takes into account the change in the values of these resistance coefficients along the distribution pipeline. The kinematic and physical characteristics of the flow outside the distribution pipeline are also taken into account. The accuracy of calculating the value of the flow rate of water distributed from the distribution pipeline has been experimentally verified. The error in calculating the water consumption by the method assuming that the values of the resistance coefficients are unchanged along the distribution pipeline reaches 18.75 %. According to the proposed calculation method, this error does not exceed 6.25 %. However, both methods are suitable for the design of pressure distribution pipelines, provided that the jet separation angles are straight. Taking into account the change from 90° to 360° of the angle of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline will expand the scope and accuracy of calculation methods.

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Analytical equation for outflow along the flow in a perforated fluid distribution pipe

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Pomegranate Juice Prevents the Formation of Lung Nodules Secondary to Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure in an Animal Model

Pomegranate Juice Prevents the Formation of Lung Nodules Secondary to Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure in an Animal Model

Comparative design and CFD analysis of 3-D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nozzle aerator for discharge reduction

The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines

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