Analytical characterization of three cathinone derivatives, 4‐MPD, 4F–PHP and bk‐EPDP, purchased as bulk powder from online vendors

Apirakkan, Orapan; Frinculescu, Anca; Shine, Trevor; Parkin, Mark C.; Cilibrizzi, Agostino; Frascione, Nunzianda; Abbate, Vincenzo

doi:10.1002/dta.2218

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In all four samples where AMB‐FUBINACA (4) was present as the main SCRA, EMB‐FUBINACA (10) was detected as a minor component (0.21–0.27% of AMB‐FUBINACA peak area). In three of these samples, the synthetic cathinone 4F‐PHP (1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)hexanone) was tentatively identified by comparison with EI spectra in the Cayman spectral library and published MS/MS data (see Supplementary Information for spectra), twice as a minor component (<1.0%) in samples seized from Prison 1 (Figure C) and once as a major component (12.9% of the AMB‐FUBINACA peak area) in a sample seized in Prison 3. To the best of the author's knowledge, there have been very few reports of synthetic cannabinoid/synthetic cathinone mixtures and none in seized infused papers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantitation of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers from prisons in a constantly evolving illicit market

Norman

Walker

McKirdy

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

153

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Drug misuse in prisons contributes to increased disruption and violence and negatively impacts prisoner safety, rehabilitation, and recovery. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), colloquially known as “spice”, are infused into papers and are of particular concern in a prison setting where they are commonly vaped. Methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of SCRA infused papers, including impurity profiling, were developed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with qualitative confirmation by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry detection (UPLC‐PDA‐QToF‐MS) and applied to 354 individual seized paper samples originating from 168 seizures from three Scottish prisons. Of these samples, 41% (146 samples from 101 seizures) contained at least one SCRA and multiple SCRAs were detected on 23% of these papers. Concentrations ranged from < 0.05–1.17 mg/cm2 paper, representing the first reported quantitative data for SCRA infused papers. An evolution in the SCRAs detected was demonstrated; 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA (5F‐ADB) predominated until late 2018, after which time 5F‐MDMB‐PICA and 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA became increasingly more prevalent, followed by the arrival of MDMB‐4en‐PINACA in June 2019. Concentration mapping data from two seized paper samples demonstrated that SCRA concentrations across larger papers were highly variable (0.47–2.38 mg/cm2 paper) making consistent dosing by users, and representative sampling by laboratory analysts, difficult. Near real‐time qualitative and quantitative information on SCRAs circulating in prisons acts as an early warning system for SCRAs emerging on the wider illicit market, inform the methods used to detect them and limit supply, and provide information to support harm reduction measures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantitation of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers from prisons in a constantly evolving illicit market

Norman

Walker

McKirdy

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

153

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“…Currently, one of the most popular and also most numerous groups among designer drugs are the cathinone derivatives. Each year, much reference information about synthetic cathinones, which dominate the global pseudodrug market, appears in the literature [ 5 – 7 ]. Unawareness of consumers regarding composition of these products, and even more importantly, regarding the concentration of a psychoactive component in the administered dose is the most frequent cause of poisonings, fatalities included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal case of poisoning with a new cathinone derivative: α-propylaminopentiophenone (N-PP)

Majchrzak

Skowronek²,

Kowalska

et al. 2018

Forensic Toxicol

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PurposeSimilar to synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinone derivatives are the most popular compounds among novel psychoactive substances. Along with a growing number of new cathinones, the number of consumers wishing to enrich their experience with these compounds is also growing, and the same can be said about the growing numbers of poisonings. The reason for overdosing is a lack of consumer awareness regarding composition of the product, with which they experiment, and even more, regarding concentration of psychoactive substances contained in the taken product. In this paper, we report a case of the purposeful intake of a high dose of powder containing a novel cathinone derivative, α-propylaminopentiophenone, which resulted in the deadly poisoning of a woman.MethodsAiming to identify this psychoactive substance causing the fatality, the postmortem specimens collected from the autopsy was analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the analysis of a powder material found with the victim was additionally analyzed by means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.ResultsIn the course of analysis performed on the specimens originating from autopsy (blood, eyeball fluid, liver, kidney and brain), high concentrations of α-propylaminopentiophenone were established, which was responsible for the death of a young woman. The same psychoactive compound was also identified in the powder material.ConclusionsTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature on fatal poisoning with α-propyloaminopentiophenone.

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“…16 Each sample was processed against a database of almost 200 NPS, including more than 120 reference standards (Supporting Information, Table S1) precursor ions has been reported, particularly in substituted cathinones. 19,20 With these findings, non-cathinone isomers such as DEET and phendimetrazine were excluded from further investigation as the "unknown" compound. Further investigation of this fragmentation was made, using literature 19,[21][22][23] and available mass spectral libraries.…”

Section: Identification Of Unknown Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexities associated with new psychoactive substances in influent wastewater: The case of 4‐ethylmethcathinone

Bade

Abbate

Abdelaziz

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

Self Cite

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Consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is an international problem for health, policing, forensic, and analytical laboratories. The transience of these substances in the community, combined with continual slight structural changes to evade legislation makes the elucidation of NPS an analytical challenge. This is amplified in a matrix as complex as wastewater. For that reason, suspect and non-target methodologies, employing high resolution mass spectrometry are the most appropriate current tool to facilitate the identification of new and existing compounds. In the current work, a qualitative screening method of influent wastewater using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry showed a strong signal at m/z 192.1382identical to that of two NPS standards that were in our method (pentedrone and 4-methylethcathinone), and with identical fragment ions, but the retention times did not match. This work shows the methodology followed to identify this compound, highlighting the challenges of the identifying "new" compounds in influent wastewater.

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Analytical characterization of three cathinone derivatives, 4‐MPD, 4F–PHP and bk‐EPDP, purchased as bulk powder from online vendors

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Detection and quantitation of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers from prisons in a constantly evolving illicit market

Detection and quantitation of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers from prisons in a constantly evolving illicit market

Fatal case of poisoning with a new cathinone derivative: α-propylaminopentiophenone (N-PP)

The complexities associated with new psychoactive substances in influent wastewater: The case of 4‐ethylmethcathinone

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