Analytical Calculation Model for Predicting Cracking Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Ties

Abstract

This paper formulates an analytical calculation model for predicting the cracking behavior of reinforced concrete ties to provide 6 more consistent crack width calculation methods for large-scale concrete structures in which large bar diameters and covers are used. The 7 calculation model was derived based on the physical behavior of reinforced concrete ties reported from experiments and finite-element 8 analyses in the literature. The derivations led to a second order differential equation for the slip that accounts for the three-dimensional 9 effects of internal cracking by using a proper bond-slip law. The second order differential equation for the slip was solved completely ana-10 lytically, resulting in a closed-form solution in the case of lightly loaded members and in a non-closed-form solution in the case of heavily 11 loaded members. Finally, the paper provides a solution strategy to facilitate a practical and applicable method for predicting the complete 12 cracking response. Comparison with experimental and finite-element results in the literature demonstrated the ability of the calculation model 13 to predict crack widths and crack spacing consistently and on the conservative side regardless of the bar diameter and cover.

Identification of the Influence of Concrete Cover Thickness and ∅/ρ Parameter on Crack Spacing.

“…Therefore, this paper investigates the actual bond-slip behavior of specimens subjected to 'axial tension'. Table 1 shows the test results of axial tensile experiments of RC ties mentioned in Tan et al,(2018) and Tan et al, (2019). Table 1 confirms that the increase of concrete cover, cause to increase crack spacing.…”

“…Among them, it can be found various types of data to identify the crack width governing parameters. However, with the advancement of material and geometrical properties of concrete and reinforcement, the authors have selected two recent axial tensile experiments mentioned in (Tan et al, 2018;Tan et al,2019) and (Rimkus and Gribniak, 2017), to identify the crack spacing governing parameters. The selected experiments consist of the RC ties with multiple reinforcement bars, which are more similar to the RC members in practice.…”

Effective reinforcement ratio of RC beams: Validation of modelling assumptions with high‐resolution strain data

“…In a first step, the crack spacing is determined for M = M cr (Figure 4a) by formulating axial equilibrium in cross-sections I and II, imposing the assumed strain distributions, and the linear distribution of the axial displacements u x over the depth of the cross-section. With u x,c and u x,s as the axial deformations of the outermost concrete fiber in compression and the reinforcement, respectively and the mean strains ε sm given by Equation (11), it follows:…”

“…Due to the different microstructure of the more ductile ferritic-perlitic core and the higher strength martensitic outer layer, 35 QST reinforcing bars exhibit a nonlinear behaviour with a distinct kink at the yield strain and strength of the core (ε' sy and f' sy , respectively), before reaching the yield plateau, as illustrated in Figure 5e. This refined steel material law, including the kink, was used for all methods, that is, Equation (11) was adapted, except for the CSFM approach where a bilinear behaviour is assumed.…”

Applicability of Existing Crack Controlling Criteria for Structures with Large Concrete Cover Thickness

“…From Table 1, it is clear that MC2010 mentions limitations for the concrete cover thickness. Further, according to the literature on recent experiments, many cases can be identified in which the experimental values deviate from the EC2 and MC2010 predictions [27,48,[63][64][65][66][67][68]. Therefore, many improvements have been proposed for these two models, some of which are listed in Table 2.…”