Analytical Bibliography for Water Supply and Conservation Techniques.

Abstract

The information contained in this volume is designed to assist planners in the application of the planning methodology described in The Evaluation of Water Conservation for Municipal and Industrial Water Supply: Procedures Manual (Procedures Manual). The primary objectives of this volume were: (1) to update and revise the existing Annotated Bibliography on Water Conservation in order to make it a more useful reference for planners; and (2) to identify, describe, and discuss the underlying rationale, special problems, and useful sources of information for each of the required steps in the Procedures Manual. Chapter I is a concise introduction of water conservation planning organized under five headings: (1) Introduction, (2) Water Conservation Defined, (3) The Procedure: An Overview, (4) Federal Guidelines and Corps' Engineer Regulations, and (5) Format of Report. Chapters II, III, and IV refer to each of three major tasks of the general procedure: (1) Measure-Specific Analysis, (2) Evaluation of water conservation measures, and (3) Integration of water conservation into water supply plans. Each of the three chapters contains an overview of each particular step, describing all issues common for the steps under consideration, followed by a description of each step in terms of (1) the underlying rationale or purpose, (2) the identification of major issues and problems, and (3) a brief presentation of available exemplary and useful references relevant to the step. CHAPTER I WATER CONSERVATION PLANNING INTRODUCTION Water conservation planning has captured national prominence in resource planning and management and is likely to play an important role in water resources planning in the future. It is reasonable to assume that the full implications of conservation in an engineering, economic, social, and environmental sense are not fully understood and that further research and experience will provide useful information. The Task Committee on Water Conservation of the Water Resources Planning Committee of American Society of Civil Engineers CASCE) in 1981 noted: "[there are] many areas of water conservation in which our knowledge of technology, impact assessment, and plan evaluation is insufficient to permit rational comparison of water conservation alternatives with alternatives involving the development of new water supplies." These deficiencies can be eliminated to a large extent by realizing that water conservation is only a part of the broader objective of total water management and as such should be looked at through Federal planning principles described in Principles and Standards for Planning Water and Related Land Resources (Principles and Standards). This would significantly help resolve the problem of plan evaluation. Undoubtedly, many technical and environmental aspects of water conservation need to be further explored; however, these shortcomings are present to a comparable degree in consideration of the full range of structural as well as nonstructural alternatives. FIGURE 1 GENERAL PROCEDURE: AN OVERVIEW FO...

Predicting Future Demands for Water

“…In the early 1980s, the growing attractiveness of long-term demand management measures began to catch the attention of urban water-supply agencies (Boland et al, 1982;Dziegielewski and Baumann, 1992). In the early 1980s, the growing attractiveness of long-term demand management measures began to catch the attention of urban water-supply agencies (Boland et al, 1982;Dziegielewski and Baumann, 1992).…”

FORECASTING URBAN WATER USE: THE IWR‐MAIN MODEL1

“…Since the intensity of water use in all sectors and categories can be affected by water conservation, the model contains a procedure for estimating the effectiveness of up to 18 different conservation measures. Conservation parameters obtained from the literature (2) (Boland, et al, 1982;Weston, Inc., 1984;Brown and Caldwell, Inc., 1984) are provided for 14 measures:…”