Analytical approaches for measuring pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals in vegetable oils: A review

Abstract

Nowadays, consumers are concerned about the toxicological implications and in a great demand for more information about the presence of organic residues and contaminants in vegetable oils. Pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and heavy metals can be readily accumulated in vegetable oil during the cultivation, processing and storage. Those chemical contaminants or its metabolites are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxic, which result in serious damages to human health. With public health and economic losses considered, many analytical methods have been reported for the determination of chemical contaminants in vegetable oils. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the historical and current methods for the determination of contaminants in oil samples, discuss and evaluate the features, advantages and limitations, and finally outline the prospects for the multi‐class chemical contaminants determination in vegetable oils. Practical applications: Different strategies and advantages of analytical methods for determination of chemical contaminants in vegetable oils are discussed and evaluated. The features and the prospects are useful for the development of the multi‐class methodology in lipid matrix. Vegetable oils are widely used for cooking and processing in the food industry, meeting dietary demands. Major chemical contaminants, such as pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and heavy metals, are commonly found in vegetable oils. In this review, we provide an update on the historical and current methods for the determination of contaminants in oil samples, discuss and evaluate different analytical methods and techniques, and finally outline the prospects for the determination of major chemical contaminants in vegetable oils.

Multivariate Assessment of Procedures for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Synthesis for Pesticides Determination in Environmental and Agricultural Samples

“…They are characterized by a different source of origin, chemical structures, formulation, toxicity, mode of entry and action. [10,11]. Furthermore, they can contaminate the surrounding environment or even bioaccumulate.…”

Method Development for Sulfonylurea Herbicides Analysis in Rapeseed Oil Samples by HPLC–DAD: Comparison of Zirconium-Based Sorbents and EMR-Lipid for Clean-up of QuEChERS Extract

“…Both gas chromatography (GC) (Guardia-Rubio et al 2006, López-Feria et al 2009, Deme et al 2014, He et al 2017, Parrilla Vázquez et al 2016) and liquid chromatography (LC) (Gilbert-López et al 2010, Sobhanzadeh et al 2011, Polgár et al 2012, Moreno-González et al 2014) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/ MS) detection, are widely used for the determination of pesticides in vegetable oils. Nevertheless, less selective highperformance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was also successfully applied to the analysis of pesticide residues in edible oils (Jaabiri et al 2013, Ma et al 2016). Stoev and Stoyanov (2007) concluded that the reliability of identification of an analyte by DAD is comparable to the reliability of identification by low resolution MS-MS.…”

Doses of Immunogen Contribute to Specificity Spectrums of Antibodies against Aflatoxin

“…However, they are expensive and need a larger amount of time for sample preparation before analysis, which has inhibited extending the scope of monitoring, particularly in field-screening scenarios [ 9 ]. As an alternative, broad-specificity immunoassays are extraordinarily effective for monitoring and detecting samples of multi-analyte residues in food and environmental samples [ 10 , 11 ], and the development of broad-specificity immunoassays demands the preparation of a broad spectrum of antibody specificity to all target analytes. For example, several attempts have been made to develop broad-specificity immunoassays for OP pesticide residues by the production of a broad-spectrum-specific antibody against OP pesticide [ 12 ].…”