Analytical and numerical properties of Q-balls

Multamäki, Tuomas; Vilja, Iiro

doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(99)00827-5

Cited by 80 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Q balls with a large charge can be described using the thin-wall approximation [46], and their profile function has a form close to a step function, ϕðrÞ ¼ ϕ Q ΘðR − rÞ, with a constant amplitude ϕ Q and with R denoting the radius. In contrast, Q balls with small charge have thick walls, and there is evidence that they become unstable for a sufficiently small charge [47].…”

Section: Attractive Mean Interactions With λ <mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractive versus repulsive interactions in the Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics of relativistic field theories

et al. 2017

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We study the impact of attractive self-interactions on the nonequilibrium dynamics of relativistic quantum fields with large occupancies at low momenta. Our primary focus is on Bose-Einstein condensation and nonthermal fixed points in such systems. For a model system, we consider OðNÞ-symmetric scalar field theories. We use classical-statistical real-time simulations as well as a systematic 1=N expansion of the quantum (two-particle-irreducible) effective action to next-to-leading order. When the mean self-interactions are repulsive, condensation occurs as a consequence of a universal inverse particle cascade to the zero-momentum mode with self-similar scaling behavior. For attractive mean selfinteractions, the inverse cascade is absent, and the particle annihilation rate is enhanced compared to the repulsive case, which counteracts the formation of coherent field configurations. For N ≥ 2, the presence of a nonvanishing conserved charge can suppress number-changing processes and lead to the formation of stable localized charge clumps, i.e., Q balls.

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Section: Attractive Mean Interactions With λ <mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractive versus repulsive interactions in the Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics of relativistic field theories

et al. 2017

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“…Enqvist&Mazumdar [8] and Dine&Kusenko [9] for further reviews. A large number of discussions of various other aspects of Q-balls exists already with different approaches: analytic [6,10,11,12], mixed -analytic and numerical [13,14,15,16,17], numerical simulations [18,19] for addressing more complicated issues like scattering (not yet in 3 spatial dimensions) and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sigma modelQ-balls andQ-stars

Verbin

2007

Phys. Rev. D

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A new kind of Q-balls is found: Q-balls in a non-linear sigma model. Their main properties are presented together with those of their self-gravitating generalization, sigma model Q-stars. A simple special limit of solutions which are bound by gravity alone ("sigma stars") is also discussed briefly. The analysis is based on calculating the mass, global U(1) charge and binding energy for families of solutions parameterized by the central value of the scalar field. Two kinds (differing by the potential term) of the new sigma model Q-balls and Q-stars are analyzed. They are found to share some characteristics while differing in other respects like their properties for weak central scalar fields which depend strongly on the form of the potential term. They are also compared with their "ordinary" counterparts and although similar in some respects, significant differences are found like the existence of an upper bound on the central scalar field. The sigma model Q-stars also contain non-solitonic solutions whose relation with sigma star solutions is discussed.

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“…These solutions are spherically symmetric non-dissipative solutions to the classical field equations [1,2,8]. In a certain way they can be viewed as a sort of Bose-Einstein condensate of "classical" scalars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important amount of work has been done on Q-Ball dynamics and on their stability versus decay into scalars [1,9]. Apart some existence theorems that depend on the type of symmetry and the potentials involved [8], the stability of Q-Balls is due to the fact that their mass is smaller than the mass of a collection of scalars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle creation from Q-balls

Clark

2006

Nuclear Physics B

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Non topological solitons, Q-balls can arise in many particle theories with U (1) global symmetries.As was shown by Cohen et al. [2], if the corresponding scalar field couples to massless fermions, large Q-balls are unstable and evaporate, producing a fermion flux proportional to the Q-ball's surface. In this paper we analyse Q-ball instabilities as a function of Q-ball size ans fermion mass.In particular, we construct an exact quantum-mechanical description of the evaporating Q-ball.This new construction provides an alternative method to compute Q-Ball's evaporation rates. We shall also find the new expression for the upper bound on evaporation as a function of the produced fermion mass and study the effects of Q ball's size on particle production.

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Analytical and numerical properties of Q-balls

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Attractive versus repulsive interactions in the Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics of relativistic field theories

Attractive versus repulsive interactions in the Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics of relativistic field theories

Sigma modelQ-balls andQ-stars

Particle creation from Q-balls

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