“…For example, managers observe peers to shape their financial and strategic decisions (e.g., Badertscher, Shroff, & White, 2013;Francis, Hasan, Mani, & Ye, 2016;Leary & Roberts, 2014). Financial analysts, investment bankers, and equity investors employ peer valuation multiples to assist in their equity valuations of firms (e.g., Bhojraj & Lee, 2002;De Franco, Hope, & Larocque, 2015;Vismara, Signori, & Paleari, 2015). And boards of directors use peers to determine the amount of compensation to pay their executives (e.g., Faulkender & Yang, 2010;Gong, Li, & Shin, 2011).…”