Analysis on common problems of the wastewater treatment industry in urban China

A municipal wastewater treatment plant “drinking beer” for reduction of cost and carbon emission

“…In addition, Zhang et al highlighted that the influent characteristics of WWTPs in China vary depending on the region and season. 36 …”

“…In addition, Zhang et al highlighted that the inuent characteristics of WWTPs in China vary depending on the region and season. 36 In Fig. 2(a), the inuent COD concentration before and aer adding beer wastewater was 250.5 ± 37.8 (in 2017) and 218.8 ± 9.7 mg L −1 (in 2021), and the effluent COD concentration was 23.2 ± 6.6 and 13.1 ± 1.4 mg L −1 , reaching the average removal rate of 90.6% and 94.0%, respectively.…”

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse for Sustainable Water Resources Management: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The use of chemical fertilizers has also been associated with various concerns, including health concerns. Replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers will protect the environment and consumers from the potential dangers associated with the chemicals [42,107,108]. The organic fertilizers are obtained from the organic matter that is present in wastewater.…”

“…One of the most reliable logics is CIMO. The CIMO logic is more applicable in non-medical research where there is a limited requirement to compare interventions [107]. Moreover, the CIMO approach is more simplified and easier to apply even in studies involving big data analysis.…”

“…Singh et al [30] describe waste as one of the biggest challenges limiting the earth's capacity to maintain its resources. The growing human population and increased demand for essential resources indicate that various sources of water could be depleted even before the end of the current century [99,103,107]. By reducing waste, the treatment process ensures that the natural resources remain active to serve the current and future generations.…”