Analysis of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and application to lubricants

Voltammetric Determination of Zinc in Lubricating Oils

“…Apart from the standard procedures, the literature describes several instrumental methods for the determination of metal ions in lubricating oils, using different techniques as capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, − electrochemistry, − and spectrometry such as atomic absorption, − inductively coupled plasma optical emission, − X-ray fluorescence, − and neutron activation analysis …”

“…All of these methods are preceded by a pretreatment of the sample that includes several procedures, such as mixtures with solvents, ,,,− ,,, formation of emulsions, ,− ,, acid extractions, − ,,,,,, ashing or evaporation to dryness, ,,,− ,,,, and derivatizations. − …”

“…• Different metal-organic compounds often exhibit different sensitivity, and the sensitivity depends on the composition of the sample and the diluent used. 15,16 Apart from the standard procedures, the literature describes several instrumental methods for the determination of metal ions in lubricating oils, using different techniques as capillary electrophoresis, 17 chromatography, [18][19][20] electrochemistry, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and spectrometry such as atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission, 61-69 X-ray fluorescence, [70][71][72] and neutron activation analysis. 73 All of these methods are preceded by a pretreatment of the sample that includes several procedures, such as mixtures with solvents, 17,21,22,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]61,63,67 formation of emulsions, 23,[44][45][46][47][48][49]…”

Calculation of electrophoretic mobility in mixed solvent buffers in capillary zone electrophoresis using a mixture response surface method

“…3 Further selectivity can be achieved by using mixtures of two or more solvents in the run buffer. [4][5][6] This addition introduces further parameters to describe the system, and the number of experiments for an optimization procedure will increase. Hence, a mathematical elucidation of the most favorable conditions could be very helpful in minimizing the number of experiments required.…”

Desenvolvimento de metodologia de baixo custo para determinação de glifosato usando microdispositivos eletroforéticos fabricados em poliéster-toner

“…Esta técnica é reconhecidamente versátil, e vem sendo utilizada com sucesso para a separação e quantificação dos mais variados tipos de compostos, sejam pequenos íons, moléculas neutras e até mesmo grandes biomoléculas. A técnica já comprovou ser extremamente eficiente na análise das mais variadas moléculas em áreas como por exemplo, a química analítica, forense, orgânica, análises clínicas, de produtos naturais, na indústria farmacêutica e da biologia molecular [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”