Analysis of ZDDP Content and Thermal Decomposition in Motor Oils Using NAA and NMR

Ferguson, S. W.; Johnson, J. Aaron; Gonzales, D.; Hobbs, Christopher E.; Allen, C. R.; Williams, Scott

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2015.05.055

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Zhang et al [30] showed that the ageing process accelerated at high temperature and resulted in the higher formation of decomposition products. Ferguson et al [29] also showed that thermal decomposition of ZDDP occurs at temperatures as low as 150 °C. ZDDP decomposes to Zn and P compounds during the ageing process.…”

Section: Oil Degradation In Presence Of Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, as the ageing time increased from 2 to 96 h, higher concentration of zinc and phosphorous were observed on the CB particles. This is due to the thermal decomposition of ZDDP additives during the ageing process [29]. Zhang et al [30] showed that the ageing process accelerated at high temperature and resulted in the higher formation of decomposition products.…”

Section: Oil Degradation In Presence Of Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive Adsorption on Carbon Black Particles

2018

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Soot is known to cause high wear in engine components and this is a problem with engine oils between extended drain intervals. Although several wear mechanisms have been suggested, exact soot-induced wear mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the additive adsorption mechanism (specifically anti-wear additive) on carbon black (CB) particles (as a soot surrogate). This mechanism is one of the main mechanisms responsible for high wear. Base oil (BO) was used to exclude the effect of other additives that are present in fully formulated oil. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) anti-wear additive was added to the BO and then the mixture, which will be referred to as the model oil, was aged with CB particles. The resulting oils were then chemically characterised by using ICP and FTIR analysis techniques. Finally, the CB particles were filtered out and analysed using EDX. The results showed that both zinc and phosphorous which are chemical elements from ZDDP anti-wear additive were adsorbed on CB particles in the oil phase. This additive adsorption mechanism can lead to increased wear in the engine components due to lack of additives in the oil. This study highlights the importance of understanding the additive adsorption on soot particles since this mechanism will reduce the engine oil life and increase frequency of oil changes.

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Section: Oil Degradation In Presence Of Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oil Degradation In Presence Of Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive Adsorption on Carbon Black Particles

2018

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“…In the cases of II.e and III.e, where the lubricant temperatures are 100 and 120°C, respectively, the flash temperatures are found to be as high as 112°C in Case II.e and 133°C in Case III.e. Therefore, within the operating range of this study, the ZDDP anti-wear agent (lubricant additive), whose activation temperature is above 150°C [45], doesn't take effect. A set of preliminary RCF experiments using a four-cylinder contact set-up also showed no difference between the tests with and without the ZDDP additive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Determination of the accelerated RCF operating condition of the sun-planet contact of a tractor final drive using a computational method

Wagner

2016

Meccanica

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This study proposes a computational approach to determine the operating condition, under which the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack nucleation of the sun-planet mesh of a tractor final drive is accelerated. Although the experimental RCF time period can be reduced by increasing the rotational velocity, the resultant increase in the film thickness promotes the lubrication condition and thus lengthens the fatigue life. To counteract this fatigue performance variation, it is proposed to increase the lubricant temperature at the same time. In the process, the lubricant viscosity decreases and offsets lubrication film thickness increase introduced by the rotational velocity increase. A physics-based gear contact fatigue model that includes the descriptions of the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication, the multiaxial stresses and the multi-axial fatigue is used to quantify the impacts of the lubricant temperature and the rotational velocity on the crack formation, allowing the fine tune of the temperature and velocity parameters.

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“…Its dynamic viscosity was equivalent to 77.1 cSt (40 °C) and 11.6 cSt (100 °C), respectively. The concentration of ZDDP was ≈800 ppm in test engine oil . In this study, this engine oil was used as the base oil, which was ultrasonically blended with the defined amount of graphene for the preparation of formulated engine oil containing graphene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Competitive and Synergistic Effects of Graphite Nanoplates in Engine Oil on the Tribofilm Formation

Pham

Wan

Tieu

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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To exploit the improved efficiency from formulated oil modified with graphite nanoplates (GNP), it is important to understand how GNP behave alongside conventional additives such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP). The results in this work demonstrate unusual tribological responses of engine oil due to GNP additions, which cannot be explained by the traditionally low shearing mechanism between graphene layers in GNP. A competitive and synergistic effect of GNP on tribofilm formation is proposed for this unusual friction and wear behavior. The presence of GNP modifies the tribofilm formation and spontaneously creates alternate hard and soft regions from the microscopic view of the surface. At low concentrations (≤0.05 wt%), graphene is formed by shear‐assisted exfoliation of GNP and intermixed with intermediate oxide region. Due to its random orientation, graphene produces mechanical reinforcement of the tribofilm, but low shear yielding is not achieved. This gives rise to high friction but low wear conditions. At higher concentrations (>0.05 wt%), GNP align with their hexagonal sheets parallel to the surface to promote low‐shear sliding, but wear increases. This is due to GNP clumping together which makes them less effective at forming graphene and providing stable reinforcement of the tribofilm.

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Analysis of ZDDP Content and Thermal Decomposition in Motor Oils Using NAA and NMR

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive Adsorption on Carbon Black Particles

Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive Adsorption on Carbon Black Particles

Determination of the accelerated RCF operating condition of the sun-planet contact of a tractor final drive using a computational method

Unusual Competitive and Synergistic Effects of Graphite Nanoplates in Engine Oil on the Tribofilm Formation

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