Analysis of Winter Environment Based on CFD Simulation: A Case Study of Long–Hu Sand Feng Shui Layout at Jiangxi Bailudong Academy Complex

Abstract

In ancient Chinese architecture, Feng Shui was a prevalent practice used to enhance the built environment. This study utilized computer simulation techniques to assess the effectiveness of Long–Hu Sand layout Feng Shui in the Bailudong Academy complex in Jiangxi, China, compared to a layout without Feng Shui principles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were employed to simulate the winter courtyard wind environment, and the resulting simulations were used to analyze the winter courtyard ventilation of both layouts. The findings indicate that the Feng Shui layout provided better wind speed and pressure ratios in the winter courtyard, which were more conducive to human comfort and helped prevent the infiltration of cold winter air. The area of ideal wind pressure difference between the front and back of the main house for indoor ventilation in winter was also larger in the Feng Shui layout compared to the non-Feng Shui layout, meeting the standard for wind environment evaluation. The study highlights the ecological wisdom of ancient Chinese people and confirms that optimizing Feng Shui improves the wind environment of the courtyard in winter. The practical implications of these results include improving comfort and sustainability in contemporary architecture and urban planning.

The Effect of Enclosure Layout on Wind Environment in Chinese Classic Landscape Gardens: A Case Study of Beijing’s Summer Palace Ruins Garden

“…In the central region, the grid has a planar density of 4 m × 4 m and a vertical density of 0.5 m. As for the edge region, the grid has a planar density of 8 m × 8 m and a vertical density of 1 m. This grid setting serves to improve the accuracy of the simulation and reduce the number of grid segments, thus increasing the time efficiency. According to the applicable literature [4,5], the computational domain is five times longer and wider than the relevant scene model and three times higher.…”

“…For example, CFD was employed by Li Tang et al to examine the enclosure model of a village, and the results of the study revealed that its layout is suitable for the local environment [3]. Zhao Z. et al investigated the enclosure theory employed in ancient China and assessed the effectiveness of the enclosure design in the Bailudong Academy complex using CFD simulation techniques [4]. Similarly, Guo et al used Prince Kung's Mansion in Beijing as an example to demonstrate that the enclosure layout can improve the courtyard wind environment in the summer [5].…”

Influence of Doorway Position on Wind Comfort in Beijing Quadrangle Dwellings

“…The current studies on feng shui mainly concentrate on traditional villages, gardens, architecture, tombs, courtyards, and other related topics. For example, through the application of computer simulation techniques, the effectiveness of the Long-Hu Sand layout Feng Shui in the Bailudong Academy complex was evaluated by Zhiqing Zhao et al [3].…”

Integrating Ecological Knowledge into Regenerative Design: A Rapid Practice Review

“…At building-level scale, two articles addressed the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling to analyse the benefits of adding landscape elements to outdoor spaces. One study was based in a tropical climate [96], while the other was focused on a place with cold winter winds [97]. Another article explored how biomimicry could contribute to sustainable outcomes [98], drawing on well-documented examples of biomimicry applied to the built environment.…”