Analysis of welding parameters effects on microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V and AA5052 dissimilar joint

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

“…The important feature of tool design includes shoulder diameter, its surface characteristic, probe profile, its size, and its other characteristics of the surface. 71 According to Rostami et al, 34 at zero tool probe offset (TPO), stir zone (SZ) grain size increase with an increase in HI. With similar HIs, the grain size produced using the cylindrical pin profile is larger than the conical square pin profile, which is attributed to material deformation and pulsating stirring action.…”

“…68 It depends mainly on workpiece material and thickness to be weld, ease of machinability with the least cost. Following tool materials are reported for FSbW of Al-Ti welds as WC-based alloy tool, 13 WC-12 Co, 41,60 WC-8% Co, [17][18][19][20]24,25,61 SKD61 850, 3 SKD61, 4 WC-Co, 21,22,34 WC-13 wt% Co for "L"shaped modified joint, 23 HSS for intercalated butt joint, 65 standard tool steel with coated shoulder and pin, 42 and WC. 63 Most of the referred literature suggested WC-based alloy materials but other W-based tools like W-Re and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) were not reported so far where these are best tool materials for deeper penetration welds of high-temperature materials with high-temperature stability.…”

“…However, at TRS: 1000 r/min, WS: 120 mm/min, TPO: 1.2 mm, a thick interface formed. Rostami et al 34 ascertained that using the TSQ tool, at TRS of 500, 710, and 1000 r/min and WS of 40 and 80 mm/ min defect-free joints were achieved respectively.…”

“…Weld speed. The ratio of TRS/WS was studied by Rostami et al 34 for Ti6Al4V and AA5052 welds with TPO: 0.5 mm, keeping this ratio constant as 12.5 r/min for TRS of 500 and 1000 r/min, and WS of 40 and 80 mm/min, respectively. It is observed that the SZ grain size for these parameters was different.…”

“…With this, Al to Ti alloy joining is employed in aerospace, automobile, 1-23 marine, 7,8,16 and defense industries 18,24 where current efforts are being made to ensure more values of strengthto-weight ratio and are attained at an affordable price. For instance, in aircraft manufacturing, the welding of riveted fuselage structures are replaced by skin stringer joints, 23,25 seat track, 22,[25][26][27][28] heat exchangers 7,8 or electric conductors in corrosive media, 29 tubing and pipework of propellant tanks, 30 medical industry, 2 architecture, 1 joining the Al skins to Ti ribs for aircraft, 31 aircraft structural parts, 32 joining of Ti alloy crust and Al alloy honeycomb (wing of airplanes), 27,33 cooling fin employed in aeroplane cabins are made from welding of Al and Ti, 27 experimental NASA YF-12 fighter wings, 27 transportation industries, [34][35][36][37][38] chemical industries, 39 cryogenics, nuclear, and thermal power station. 40 Further, there is another possibility of implementation of hybrid structures [41][42][43] i.e.…”