Analysis of water distribution network under pressure deficient conditions through Emitter Setting

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Pressure-driven analysis (PDA) of water distribution networks necessitates assessing the supplying capacity of a network within the minimum and required pressure ranges. Pressure-deficient conditions happen due to the uncertainty of nodal demands, failure of electro-mechanical components, diversion of water, aging of pipes, permanent increase in the demand at certain supply nodes, fire demand etc. As the Demand-driven analysis (DDA) solves the governing equations without any bound on pressure head, it fails to replicate the real scenario particularly when the network experiences pressure deficient situations. Numerous researchers formulated different head-discharge relations and used them iteratively with demand driven software, while some other approaches solve them by incorporating this relation within the analysis algorithms. Several attempts have been made by adding fictitious network elements like reservoirs, check valves, flow control valves, emitters, dummy nodes and pipes of negligible length (i.e., negligible pressure loss), to assess the supplying capability of a network under pressure deficient conditions using demand driven simulation software. This paper illustrates a simple way to assess the supplying capacity of demand nodes under pressure deficient conditions by assigning the respective emitter co-efficient only to those nodes facing pressure deficit condition. The proposed method is tested with three bench-mark networks and it is able to simulate the network without addition of any fictitious network elements or changing the source code of the software like EPANET.</p>

Utilización del simulador EPANET en el análisis de redes de agua potable en edificaciones

“…Con lo que se cumple que el caudal de entrada 0.45 l/s es igual a la sumatoria de los de salida (0.30 +0.20 -0.05) l/s. (Conety, Renganathan, Perumal, & Paez, 2019) Figura 3 Caudales en el nudo 5…”